BIOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GENUS FERULA INFERRED FROM ANALYSES OF nrDNA AND cpDNA SEQUENCES

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Research Institute of forests & Rangelands, P. O. Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO).

Abstract

The divergence time of the largely Asian element, the genus Ferula L. (subtribe Ferulinae, tribe Scandiceae, Apiaceae) was initially analyzed using nrDNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data followed with three regions of cpDNA (rps16 and rpoC1 introns and rpoB-trnC intergenic spacers) from 141 representatives of subtribe Ferulinae (Ferula, Dorema, Leutea) and relatives. Further analyses of the biogeographical history of the Ferula group were carried out using BEAST, S-DIVA and BBM in RASP on all datasets. The results suggested that the initial split within Ferulinae occurred during Early Pliocene about 4.8 Ma and earlier ancestor of Ferula group has been originated mostly in Armeno-Iranian province. One descendent giving rises to the Ferula clade and another descendent subsequently underwent further divergence to account for Leutea lineages about 1.8-2 Ma. The rapid diversification within Ferulinae clade has occurred since the Middle Pliocene. Subsequent diversification of the Ferula clade intensified in the Irano-Turanian region during the late Pliocene in the Central Asian zone and toward west in Mediterranean zone during early Pleistocene. The ancestor of Chinese group of Ferula spread from Central Asia to eastern Asia in the Pliocene (2.2-4 Ma). The ancestor of the Mediterranean group of Ferula occurred in the West Mediterranean with high marginal probability. These diversifications likely corresponded with the Himalayas-Tibetan plateau uplift-driven climatic changes and aridification of Central Asia and also after refilling the Mediterranean basin and Zanclean flood during the Pliocene respectively.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

بیوژئوگرافی جنس فرولا (Ferula L.) از تیره چتریان برگرفته از آنالیز توالی‌های ناحیه ژنومی هسته و کلروپلاست

Author [Persian]

  • مهرنوش پناهی
استادیار پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

در این مطالعه، زمان انشقاق عنصر بزرگ آسیایی Ferula L. متعلق به زیرطایفه Ferulinae، طایفه Scandiceae، و تیره چتریان (Apiaceae) توسط توالی‌های ناحیه (ITS (Internal transcribed spacer ژنوم هسته و سه ناحیه کلروپلاستی غیرکدکننده (اینترون rps16 و اینترون rpoC1 و ناحیه بین ژنی rpoB-trnC ) تخمین زده شد. داده‌های حاصل از 141 تاکسون زیرطایفه (Ferulinae (Ferula, Dorema, Leutea به همراه گونه‌های خویشاوندشان، توسط آنالیزهایBEAST ؛ S-DIVA و BBM اجراشده در برنامه RASP مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج بدست آمده مشخص نمود که شکاف اولیه درون Ferulinae در طول اوایل پلیوسن (حدود 8/4 میلیون سال قبل) رخ داده و تاکسون‌های دودمان اولیه این زیرطایفه عمدتاً از پروانس ارمنستان-ایران منشاء گرفته‌اند. بنابراین یک انشعاب اجدادی به اعضای گروه Ferula منجر شده و متعاقباً انشعاب دیگر تحت انشقاق بیشتر اعضای دودمان Leutea را (حدود 8/1 الی 2 میلیون سال قبل) پدید آورده است. تنوع‌یابی درون گروه Ferula، در ناحیه ایرانو-تورانی صورت گرفته به‌طوری­که در اواخر پلیوسن در ناحیه آسیای مرکزی و در ابتدای پلیستوسن به سمت غرب در ناحیه مدیترانه‌ای تشدید شده است. اجداد گونه‌های شرق دورFerula، در دوره پلیوسن (2/2-4 میلیون سال قبل) از آسیای مرکزی به سمت آسیای شرقی گسترش یافته و اجداد گروه مدیترانه‌ای در ناحیه مدیترانه غربی با ضریب احتمالی بالا تنوع یافته‌اند. احتمالا این انشقاق‌ها به ترتیب با بالا آمدن صفحه هیمالیا- تبت، تغییرات اقلیمی و خشک شدن حوزه آسیای مرکزی، و همچنین دوباره پرشدن حوزه مدیترانه‌ای و جریان Zanclean در پلیوسن ارتباط دارد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • Biogeography
  • Ferula
  • Apiaceae
  • molecular phylogeny
  • cpDNA
  • nrDNA

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The Iranian Journal of Botany
Volume 25, Issue 2
December 2019
Pages 79-94

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History

  • Receive Date: 22 May 2019
  • Revise Date: 06 September 2019
  • Accept Date: 20 November 2019

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