RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GENOME SIZE, MORPHOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL TRAITS IN SATUREJA (LAMIACEAE) SPECIES

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, P. O. Box 14115-336.

2 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran, P. O. Box: 13185-116, Tehran, Iran, Agricultural research, education and extension organization (AREOO).

3 Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.

Abstract

Savory as an aromatic plant has traditionally been used in folk medicine as well as a spice of foods, showing inhibition against bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. There is interest in providing a new focus to contribute, from the perspective of genomic content, towards a better understanding of the Satureja adaptation. Using flow cytometry (FCM), nuclear DNA content of five Satureja (Lamiaceae) species, collected from different locations were analyzed for the first time. Linear regressions of 2C values were evaluated with ecological and morphological parameters. Flow cytometry measurements showed that 2C DNA contents varied from 1.30 to 1.47 pg in diploid species, and with a 2C value of 2.54 pg being obtained for the tetraploid species, S. spicigera. There were significant relationships between genome size and 18 morphological traits and climatic characteristics. These relationships could be resulted from geometrical scaling constraints. The obtained results will enhance the knowledge of the genus Satureja and constitute an important source of information for future researches.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

ارتباط بین اندازه ژنوم و صفات مورفولوژیکی و اکولوژیکی در گونه‌های مرزه (Satureja spp.)

Authors [Persian]

  • آناهیتا شریعت 1
  • قاسم کریم زاده 1
  • محمدحسن عصاره 2
  • ژوا لوریرو 3
1 دانش آموخته دکتری اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
2 استاد پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی
3 استاد گروه علوم زیستی، مرکز اکولوژی کاربردی، دانشگاه کوئیمبرا، پرتغال
Abstract [Persian]

مرزه به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی و معطر در ادویه‌جات و در طب سنتی کاربرد دارد و دارای خواص بازدارندگی در برابر رشد باکتری ها، قارچ‌ها و مخمرها است. ارائه یافته‌های جدید، در زمینه محتوای ژنتیکی گونه‌های مرزه منجر به درک بهتر سازگاری این جنس می‌گردد. در تحقیق حاضر با استفاده از فلوسایتومتری، محتوای DNA هسته‌ای پنج گونه مرزه برای اولین بار مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت سپس با استفاده از گرسیون خطی رابطه اندازه ژنوم با پارامترهای اکولوژیک و مورفولوژیک مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج فلوسایتومتری نشان داد که مقدار 2C DNA در گونه‌های دیپلوئید مرزه از 30/1 تا 47/1 و در گونه تتراپلوئید (S. spicigera) 54/2 پیکوگرم متغیر بود. بین اندازه ژنوم و 24 ویژگی مورفولوژیک و آب و هوایی رابطه معنی داری وجود داشت. نتایج به دست آمده از این تحقیق می‌تواند منبع مهمی از اطلاعات را برای محققان علاقمند به این جنس فراهم آورد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • Flow cytometry
  • genome size
  • Satureja spp
  • Ploidy level

References

Allen, M. T. & Pearcy, R. W. 2000: Stomatal behavior and photosynthetic performance under dynamic light regimes in a seasonally dry tropical rain forest. -Oecologia. 122 (4): 470–478.
Bainard, J. D., Bainard, L. D., Henry, T. A., Fazekas, A. J. & Newmaster, S. G. 2012: A multivariate analysis of variation in genome size and endoreduplication in angiosperms reveals strong phylogenetic signal and association with phenotypic traits. -New Phytol. 196 (4): 1240–1250.
Balao, F., Herrera, J. & Talavera, S. 2011: Phenotypic consequences of polyploidy and genome size at the microevolutionary scale: a multivariate morphological approach. -New Phytol. 192 (1): 256–265.
Beaulieu, J. M., Leitch, I. J., Patel, S., Pendharkar, A & Knight, C. A: 2008. Genome size is a strong predictor of cell size and stomatal density in angiosperms. -New Phytol. 179 (4): 975–986.
Beaulieu, J. M., Moles, A. T., Leitch, I. J., Bennett, M. D., Dickie, J. B. & Knight, C. A. 2007: Correlated evolution of genome size and seed mass. -New Phytol. 173 (2): 422–437.
Bennett M. D. 1972: Nuclear DNA content and minimum generation time in herbaceous plants. -Proc Royal Soc Lond, Ser B, 181, 109–135.
Ceccarelli, M., Morosi, L. & Cionini, P.G. 1998: Chromocenter association in plant cell nuclei: determinants, functional significance, and evolutionary implications. -Genome 41 (1): 96-103.
Chase, M. W., Hanson, L., Albert, V. A., Whitten, W. M. & Williams, N. H. 2005: Life history evolution and genome size in subtribe Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae). -Ann. Bot. 95 (1): 191–199.
Corradi, N., Pombert, J. F., Farinelli, L., Didier, E. S. & Keeling, P. J. 2010: The complete sequence of the smallest known nuclear genome from the microsporidian Encephalitozoon Intestinalis. -Nat. Commun. 1 (6): 1–7.
Doležel, J., Bartoš, J., Voglmayr, H. & Greilhuber, J. 2003: Nuclear DNA content and genome size of trout and human. -Cytometry 51A (2): 127–128.
Doležel, J., Sgorbati, S. & Lucretti, S. 1992: Comparison of three DNA fluorochromes for flow cytometric estimation of nuclear DNA content in plants. -Physiol. Plant. 85 (4): 625–631.
Garcia, S., Canela, M. A., Garnatje, T., Mcarthur, E. D., Sanderson, S. C. & Vallè, S. J. 2008: Evolutionary and ecological implications of genome size in the North American endemic sagebrushes and allies (Artemisia, Asteraceae). -Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 94 (3): 631–649.
Garcia, S., Leitch, L. J., Anadon-Rosell, A., Canela, M. A., Galvez, F., Garnatje, T., Gras, A., Hidalgo, O., Johnston, E., Mas de Xaxars, G., Pellicer, J., Siljak-Yakovlev, S., Valle, J., Vitales, D. & Bennett, M. D. 2013: Recent updates and developments to plant genome size databases.
-Nucleic Acids Res. 42 (D1): D1159–D1166. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1195.
Gill, L. S. 1981: Taxonomy, Distribution and Ecology of the Canadian Labiatae. -Feddes Repert., 92 (1-2): 33–93.
Greilhuber, J., Doležel, J., Lysák, M.A. & Bennett, M. D. 2005: The Origin, evolution and proposed stabilization of the terms ‘genome size’ and ‘C-value’ to describe nuclear DNA contents. -Ann. Bot. 95: 255–260.
Hadian, J., Azizi, A., Fakhr Tabatabaei, M., Naghavi, M. R., Jamzad, Z. & Friedt, W. 2010: Analysis of the genetic diversity and affinities of different Iranian Satureja species based on SAMPL markers. -Planta Med. 76 (16): 1927–1933.
Hadian, J., Esmaeili, H., Nadjafi, F. & Khadivi-Khub, A. 2014: Essential oil characterization of Satureja rechingeri in Iran. -Ind. Crop. Prod. 61: 403–409.
Hanušová, K., Ekrt, L., Vít, P., Kolář, F. & Urfus, T. 2014: Continuous morphological variation correlated with genome size indicates frequent introgressive hybridization among Diphasiastrum species (Lycopodiaceae) in central Europe. -PLoS ONE 9 (6): e99552.
Hassan, H. M. 1968: Experimental taxonomy of oxalis section acetosellae and maianthemum.Ph.D. Thesis, Durham University, Durham, UK.
Hetherington, A.M. & Woodward, F.I. 2003: The role of stomata in sensing and driving environmental change. -Nature 424 (6951): 901–908.
Hodgson, J. G., Sharafi, M., Jalili, A., Díaz, S., Montserrat-Martí, G., Palmer, C., Cerabolini, B., Pierce, S., Hamzehee, B. & Asri, Y. 2010: Stomatal vs. genome size in angiosperms: the somatic tail wagging the genomic dog? -Ann. Bot. 105 (4): 573-584.
Jalili, A., Rabie, M., Azarnivandc, H., Hodgsond, J. G., Arzani, H., Jamzad, Z., Asri, Y., Hamzeheea, B., Ghasemia, F., Hesamzadeh Hejazi, S. M.& Abbas-Azimi, R. 2013: Distribution and ecological consequences of ploidy variation in Artemisia sieberi in Iran. -Acta Oecol. 53: 95–101.
Jamzad, Z. 2010: A new species of Satureja (Lamiaceae) from Iran. -Iranian Journal of Botany 2: 213-217.
Pellicer, J., Garcia, S., Garnatje, T. & Vallès, J. 2009: Changes in genome size in a fragmented distribution area: the case of Artemisia crithmifolia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae). -Caryologia 62 (2): 152–160.
Kingsolver, J. G., Hoekstra, H. E. & Hoekstra, J. M. 2001: The strength of phenotypic selection in natural populations. -Am. Nat. 157 (3): 245–261.
Knight, C. A. & Ackerly, D. 2002:Variation in nuclear DNA content across environmental gradients: a quantile regression analysis. -Ecol. Lett.5 (1): 66–76.
Knight, C. A., Molinari, N. A. & Petrov, D. A. 2005: The large genome constraint hypothesis: evolution, ecology, and phenotype. -Ann. Bot. 95 (1): 177–190.
Krogulevich, R. E. 1978: Karyological analysis of the species of the flora of eastern Sayana. In Flora of the Prebaikal. Edited by L.I. Malyshev and G.A. Peshlcova. -Novosibirsk, Russia, pp. 19–48.
Leitch, I. J. & Bennett, M. D. 2004: Genome downsizing in polyploid plants. -Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 82 (4): 651–663.
Levan, A., Fredga, K. & Sandbreg, A. 1964: Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosome. -Hereditas 52 (2): 201–220.
Loureiro, J., Rodriguez, E., Doležel, J. & Santos, C. 2007: Two new nuclear isolation buffers for plant DNA flow cytometry: A test with 37 species. -Ann. Bot. 100 (4): 875–888.
Majdi, M., Karimzadeh, G., Malboobi, M. A., Omidbaigi, R. & Mirzaghaderi, G. 2010: Induction of tetraploidy to feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium Schulz-Bip.): Morphological, physiological, cytological and phytochemical changes. –Hort. Science, 45 (1): 16–21.
Markova, M. & Goranova, V. 1995: Mediterranean chromosome number reports 5 (435-473). -Fl. Medit. 5: 289–317.
McIntyre, P.J. 2012: Cytogeography and genome size variation in the Claytonia perfoliata (Portulacaceae) polyploid complex. -Ann. Bot. 110 (6): 1195–1203.
Miller, J. M. & Chambers, K. L. 2006: Systematics of Claytonia (Portulaceae). -Syst. Bot. Monogr. 78: 1–236.
Morton, J. K. 1993: Chromosome numbers and polyploidy in the flora of Cameroon Mountain. -Opera Bot. 121: 159–172.
Paszko, A. 2006: A critical review and a new proposal of karyotype asymmetry indices. -Plant Syst. Evol. 258 (1-2): 39–48.
Pellicer, J., Fay, M. F. & Leitch, I. J. 2010: The largest eukaryotic genome of them all? . -Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 164 (1): 10–15.
Peruzzi, L. & Eroğlu, H.E. 2013: Karyotype asymmetry: again, how to measure and what to measure? -Comparative Cytogenetic 7 (1): 1–9.
Ryan, B. & Joiner, B. L. 2001: Minitab Handbook, 4th edn. Duxbury Press, California, USA.
Shariat, A., Karimzadeh, G. & Assareh, M. H. 2013: Karyology of Iranian endemic Satureja (Lamiaceae) species. -Cytologia 78 (3): 305–312.
Shariat, A., Karimzadeh, G., Assareh, M. H. & Zandi_Esfahan, E. 2016: Drought Stress in Iranian Endemic Savory (Satureja rechingeri): In vivo and In vitro Studies. -Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding 2016, 6 (1): 1–13.
Shariat, A., Karimzadeh, G., & Assareh, M. H. and Hadian, J. 2018a: A promising application of drought stress for increasing product quality of Iranian endemic Satureja sahendica Bornm, medicinal plant. -Iran. J. Field Crop Sci. 49(1): 167-177.
Shariat, A., Karimzadeh, G., Assareh, M. H., & Hadian, J. 2018b: Metabolite profiling and molecular responses in a drought-tolerant savory, Satureja rechingeri exposed to water deficit. -3 Biotech 8(11), 477.
Siljak-Yakovlev, S., Pustahija, F., Åolic, E.M., Bogunic, F., Muratovic, E., BaÅ¡ic, N., Catrice, O. & Brown, S.C. 2010: Towards a genome size and chromosome number database of Balkan flora: C-values in 343 taxa with novel values for 242. -Adv. Sci. Lett. 3 (2):190–213.
Šímová, I. & Herben, T. 2011: Geometrical constraints in the scaling relationships between genome size, cell size and cell cycle length in herbaceous plants. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 279 (1730): 867–875.
Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. 2012: Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 4th edition. Freeman, W.H. and Co. New York, USA. 937 pp. ISBN: 0-7167-8604-4 or 978-0-7167-8604-7.
Suda, J., Kron, P., Husband, B. C. & Trávníček, P. 2007: Flow cytometry and ploidy: applications in plant systematics, ecology and evolutionary biology. In: Doležel, J., Greilhuber, J., Suda, J. (eds.). Flow Cytometry with Plant Cells. Analysis of Genes Chromosomes and Genomes. Wiley -VCH, Weinheim, pp. 103–130.
Tavan, M., Mirjalili, M. H. & Karimzadeh, G. 2015: In vitro polyploidy induction: changes in morphological, anatomical and phytochemical characteristics of Thymus persicus (Lamiaceae). -Plant Cell Tiss. Org. 122 (3): 573–583.
Veselý, P., Bures, P., Smarda, P. & Pavlícek, T. 2012: Genome size and DNA base composition of geophytes: the mirror of phenology and ecology? -Ann. Bot. 109 (1): 65–75.
Vinogradov, A. E. 2003: Selish DNA is maladaptive: evidence from the plant Red List. -Trends Genet. 19 (11): 609–614.
 
 
 
The Iranian Journal of Botany
Volume 24, Issue 2
December 2018
Pages 163-175

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 22 July 2018
  • Revise Date: 08 September 2018
  • Accept Date: 17 October 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics