CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE GENUS CLYPEOLA L. (BRASSICACEAE) IN IRAN

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Alzahra University

2 Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University

Abstract

TheKaryotype and meiotic studies are investigated in 17 populations of four Clypeola species growing in Iran for the first time. The species studied showed 2n=2x=14 for C. lappacea and C. dichotoma while C. aspera and C. jonthlaspi were tetraploids. For C. aspera 2n=4x=26 & 24 and for C. jonthlaspi 2n=4x=32 were counted, supporting the published reports on C. jonthlaspi, C. lappacea, C. dichotoma and C. aspera. The karyotypic study was performed for C. aspera and C. lappacea. The chromosomes in these species were mainly metacentric and sub-metacentric. Mixoploidy and polysomaty has been observed in C. aspera populations. Meiosis studies were performed on 6 populations of three species of Clypeola. Chromosome number of n=16 for C. jonthlaspi, n=12 & 13 for C. aspera and n=7& 8 for C. lappacea were observed. Disploidy was observed in C. aspera and C. lappacea. Desynapsis and B chromosome are present in C. lappacea. Unreduced pollen grains were observed in three species.

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

مطالعات سیتولوژیکی جنس . Clypeola L از خانواده شب بو در ایران

Authors [Persian]

  • مریم کشاورزی 1
  • سوسن عباسیان 1
  • مسعود شیدائی 2
1 دانشیار گروه زیست‌شناسی دانشگاه الزهراء
2 استاد دانشکده زیست‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
Abstract [Persian]

مطالعات کاریوتیپی و میوزی در 17 جمعیت از چهار گونه از جنس Clypeola برای نخستین بار در ایران مورد بررسی واقع شده است. گونه‌های مورد بررسی از نظر وضعیت کروموزومی در دو گونه C. lappacea و C. dichotoma دیپلوئید با 2n=2x=14 است در حالی که دو گونه C. aspera و C. jonthlaspi تتراپلوئید بودند. نتایج 2n=4x=26 & 24 برای گونه C. aspera و 2n=4x=32 برای C. jonthlaspi گزارشات موجود در خصوص C. jonthlaspi, C. lappacea, C. dichotoma و C. aspera را حمایت می کنند. مطالعات کاریوتیپی بر روی C. aspera و  C. lappacea انجام شد. در این دو گونه کروموزمها اساسا متاسانتریک و ساب متاسنتریک بودند. Mixoploidy و polysomaty در جمعیتهای C. aspera مشاهده شد. مطالعات میوزی بر روی 6 جمعیت از 3 گونه از Clypeola صورت پذیرفت. عدد کروموزومی n=16 در C. jonthlaspi ،n=12, 13 برای C. aspera و n=7, 8 برای C. lappacea مشاهده شد. در گونه های C. aspera و C. lappacea دیسپلوئیدی مشاهده شد. دسیناپسیس و حضور کرووموزوم B  در گونه C. lappacea دیده شد. دانه های گرده کاهش نیافته در هر سه گونه رویت شد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • Clypeola
  • Brassicaceae
  • Karyotype
  • cytogenetic
  • meiosis
  • desynapsis
  • disploidy
  • B chromosome
Al-Shehbaz, I. A. & Al-Omar, M. M. 1982: In IOPB chromosome number reports LXXVI. −Taxon 31: 587–589.
Al-Shehbaz, I. A. & Al-Omar, M. M. 1983: In IOPB chromosome number reports LXXX. −Taxon 32: 508–509.
Al-Shehbaz, I. A., Beilstein, M. A. & Kellogg, E. A. 2006: Systematic and phylogeny of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) an overview. –Plant Systematics and Evolution 259: 89-120.
Ancev, M. E. & Goranova, V. 1997: Mediterranean chromosome number reports. In Felber, F. & Garbari, F. (eds.) -Flora Mediterranea 7: 245-257.
Aryavand, A. 1975: Cytotaxonomie De Quelques Angiospermes De L’Iran. −Botaniska Notiser 128 (1): 299-311.
Borgen, L. 1987: Lobularia (Cruciferae) A Biosystematic study with special reference to the Macaronesian region. −Opera Botanica 91: 1- 96.
Bolourian, S. 2008: A systematic study of certain species of the genus Alyssum belonging to the Mustard family (Brassicaceae) in Iran, M.S thesis. - Alzahra university, Tehran.
Breistroffer, M. 1936: Revision systematique des variations Du Clypeola jonthlaspi L. −Candollea 7: 140-166.
Chaytor, D. A. & Turrill, W. B. 1935: The Genus Clypeola and its intra-specific variation. − Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information Royal Botanical Garden, Kew 1: 1-23.
Enns, H. & Larter, E. N. 1960: Note on the inheritance of DS; A gene covering meiotic chromosome behavior in Barley. −Canadian Journal of Plant Science:1-5.
Huziwara, Y. 1962: Karyotypic analysis in some genera of Compositae, VIII. Further studies on the chromosomes of Aster. –American Journal of Botany 49:116-119.
Levan, A., Fredga, K & Sandberg, A. 1964: Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. −Hereditas 52: 201-220.
Mandakova, T. & Lysak, M. A. 2008: Chromosomal phylogeny and karyotype evolution in x=7 Crucifer species (Brassicaceae). −The Plant Cell 20: 2559- 2570.
Maassomi, A. A. R. 1980: Cruciferes de la flore d’Iran. Etude Caryosystematique, Thesis, Strasbourg, 1-83.
Pagliarini, M. S. 2000: Meiotic behavior of economically important plant species: the relationship between fertility and male sterility. −Genetic and Molecular Biology 23 (4): 997-1002.
Rechinger, K. H. 1968: Clypeola L. in Rechinger, K. H. (ed.), Flora Iranica 57: 170-171. –Graz, Austria.
Romero-Zarko, C. 1968: A new method for estimating karyotype asymmetry. −Taxon 35: 526-530.
Runemark, H. 2002: Clypeola L. in Strid, A. & Tan, K. (eds.) Flora Hellenica 2. Rugell. 237-242.
Sheidai, M., Saeed, A. M. & Zehzad, B. 1999: Meiotic studies of some Aegilops (Poaceae) species and populations. –Iranian Journal of Botany 56: 405-419.
Sheidai, M, Nasirzade, A. & Kheradnam, M. 2000: Karyotypic study of Echinops (Asteraceae) in Fars Province of Iran. – Botanical Journal of Linnean Society 134: 453-463.
Sheidai, M, & Jalilian, N. 2008: Karyotypic study of some Iranian species and populations of Lotus L. −Acta Botanica Croatica 67 (1):45-52.
Sheidai, M., Nikoo, M. & Gholipour, A. 2008: Cytogenetic variability and new chromosome number reports in Silene L. species (Sect. Lasiostemones, Carophyllaceae). −Acta Biologica Szegediensis 52 (2): 313-319.
Stebbins, G. L. 1971: Chromosomal Evolution in Higher Plants. -Edward Arnold. London
Verma, B. N. 1980: Karyotype analysis in three species of Rhizoclonium Kutze. −Cytologia 45: 433-440.
Warwick, S. I. & AL-Shehbaz, I. A. 2006: Brassicaceae: Chromosome number index and database on CD-Rom, −Plant Systematic and Evolution 259: 237-248.
Warwick, S. L, Sauder, C. A. & AL-Shehbaz, I. A. 2008: Phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Alysseae (Brassicaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal ITS DNA sequences. −Botany 86: 315-336