MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF ROCHELIA (BORAGINACEAE) BASED ON NRDNA ITS AND CPDNA TRNL-F SEQUENCES

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran

2 Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

We here present molecular phylogeny of the genus Rochelia (Boraginaceae-Eritrichieae). A total of 8 species of Rochelia and 2 species of Lappula as outgroups were included in analyses using nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F separately and in combination. To examine evolutionary trend of morphological characters, we mapped six diagnostic characters on the combined tree using MacClade 4. The analyses revealed that sect. Rochelia due to inclusion of the monotypic section Cryptocarpa (Rochelia cardiosepala) is not monophyletic. Likewise, its subsections, Rochelia and Pedunculares are paraphyletic. Rochelia persica and R. disperma along with R. cancellata of the monospecific subgenus Neo-Rochelia, as unresolved branches, were sisters to the remaining species. One of six diagnostic characters examined (non-hamate tip of calyx hairs) had evolved as reversal inboth R. persica and R. bungei and the other one (nutlets completely clasping the adaxial part of gynobase) had undergone parallel evolution between R. cancellata plus R. peduncularis and R. cardiosepala. Based on the present molecular analyses, the current infrageneric classification of Rochelia, at least at the sectional and subsectional level based upon traditional morphological characters is artificial.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

فیلوژنی مولکولی جنس ( Rochelia (Boraginaceae بر اساس توالی های nrDNA ITS و cpDNA trnL-F

Authors [Persian]

  • مریم خوش‌سخن مظفر 1
  • شاهرخ کاظم پور اوصالو 2
  • سارا سعادتمند 3
  • فریده عطار 4
1 استادیار، گروه زیست شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قم
2 دانشیار، گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
3 استادیار، گروه زیست شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات
4 دانشیار، گروه زیست شناسی گیاهی، دانشگاه تهران
Abstract [Persian]

تعداد 8 گونه از جنس Rochelia  و دو گونه از  Lappula (به عنوان برون گروه) با استفاده از توالی هسته‌ای ITS و توالی کلروپلاستی trnL-F به طور جداگانه و نیز به صورت ترکیبی آنالیز شدند. برای مشخص کردن روند تکامل صفات مورفولوژیکی، شش صفت تشخیصی بر روی درخت ترکیبی با استفاده از برنامه MacClade 4 نشان داده شد. آنالیز ها آشکار کرد که بخشه Rochelia به دلیل قرار گرفتن بخشه مونوتیپیک Cryptocarpa (Rochelia cardiosepala) در میان آن، تک تبار نیست. همچنین زیر بخشه های مربوط به این بخشه (Rochelia وPedunculares) تک تبار نیستند.Rochelia persica و R. dispermaهمراه با R. cancellataاز زیرجنس تک گونه ای Neo- Rochelia، در شاخه‌هایی با روابط حل نشده، به عنوان گروه خواهری با بقیه گونه‌ها قرار می گیرند. یکی از شش صفت تشخیصی (کرک های کاسه با راس غیر قلابی) به عنوان یک صفت برگشت در هر دوگونه ی  R. persicaو R. bungeiمشاهده شد و صفت دیگر (فندقه‌ها به طور کامل متصل به بخش شکمی ژینوباز) متحمل تکامل موازی در بین سه گونه  Rochelia cancellata، R. peduncularisو R. cardiosepala شده بود. بر اساس آنالیز مولکولی حاضر، رده بندی موجود در سطوح تحت جنس در Rochelia، حداقل در سطح بخشه و زیر بخشه با استفاده از صفات مورفولوژیکی، مصنوعی است.

Keywords [Persian]

  • Boraginaceae
  • cpDNA trnL-F
  • Eritrichieae
  • Molecular Phylogeny
  • nrDNA ITS
  • Rochelia

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History

  • Receive Date: 20 December 2009
  • Revise Date: 29 March 2010
  • Accept Date: 12 May 2010

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