Alpine and sub alpine floristic study of Dalakhani Mountain, west of Iran.

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Forests and Rangelands Research Division, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Dalakhani Mountain, with an elevation ranging from 1800 to 3350 m a.s.l., is the third-highest massif in Kermanshah Province, following the Parrow and Shahu ranges. It represents an important montane system within the Zagros Mountains. This study aimed to document the vascular plants of Dalakhani Mountain across its alpine and subalpine elevational gradients. The results showed that Dalakhani Mountain has a rich flora with a high plant diversity. In total, 173 taxa of vascular plants, belonging to 110 genera and 35 families, were recorded. The richest families were Lamiaceae (33 species), Asteraceae (26), Fabaceae (19), Poaceae (18), and Caryophyllaceae (11). Hemicryptophytes (58.38%) and chamaephytes (16.76%) were the dominant life forms. Biogeographically, 67.05% of the species belong to the Irano-Turanian region. The flora includes 32 endemic species to Iran and 18 regional endemics shared with Iraq or Turkey. The most species-rich genera were Astragalus (14 species), Phlomis (6), Stachys, Euphorbia, and Cousinia (each with 5 species), and Salvia and Thymus (each with 4 species). Major environmental threats to the area include climate change and reduced precipitation, wildfires, land-use change, overgrazing, intensive trekking, and the collection of aromatic and medicinal plants. To preserve the biodiversity of Dalakhani Mountain, effective conservation actions, including the designation of protected areas and stricter regulation of human activities, are urgently required.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

بررسی فلوریستیک نواحی آلپی و نیمه آلپی کوه دالاخانی در غرب ایران

Authors [Persian]

  • نسترن جلیلیان 1
  • حبیب اله رحیمی 1
  • محمد امینی راد 2
1 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران
2 مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.
Abstract [Persian]

کوه دالاخانی با ارتفاع ۱۸۰۰ تا ۳۳۵۰ متر از سطح دریا، سومین کوه مرتفع در استان کرمانشاه پس از رشته‌کوه‌های پرآو و شاهو محسوب می‌شود. این کوه یک سامانه کوهستانی مهم در زاگرس به‌شمار می‌رود. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی فلور گیاهان آوندی این کوه در امتداد شیب ارتفاعی آلپی و نیمه آلپی بود. نتایج نشان داد که کوه دالاخانی دارای فلوری غنی با تنوع گیاهی بالاست. در مجموع تعداد ۱۷۳ آرایه از گیاهان آوندی متعلق به ۱۱۰ جنس و ۳۵ تیره در مناطق آلپی و نیمه آلپی جمع‌آوری و شناسایی شد. بزرگترین تیره‌های گیاهی از نظر تعداد گونه، تیره نعنا با 33 گونه بود و تیره‌‌های کاسنی ( 26 گونه)، باقلا (19 گونه)، گندمیان (18 گونه) و میخک (۱۱ گونه) در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار گرفتند. فراوانترین شکل زیستی همی‌‍‌کریپتوفیتها (38/58%) و کامفیت‌ها (76/16%) بودند. علاوه براین، از نظر پراکنش جغرافیایی 05/67 درصد گونه‌های شناسایی شده متعلق به ناحیه ایران-تورانی هستند. در منطقه ۳۲ گونه انحصاری ایران و ۱۸ گونه انحصاری منطقه‌ای شناسایی شد که با عراق یا ترکیه مشترک می‌باشند. جنس‌های Astragalus (14 گونه)، Phlomis (6 گونه)،Stachys ، Euphorbia، Cousinia هر کدام با 5 گونه و Salvia وThymus  هر کدام با 4 گونه دارای بیشترین گونه گیاهی ارتفاعات دالاخانی هستند. تغییرات اقلیمی و کاهش بارندگی، آتش‌سوزی‌ها، چرای بی‌رویه، کوهپیمایی شدید و جمع‌آوری گیاهان معطر و دارویی، تهدیدات مهمی برای تنوع زیستی این منطقه محسوب می‌شوند. اقدامات حفاظتی از جمله تعیین مناطق حفاظت شده و مدیریت فعالیت­های انسانی، برای حفظ تنوع زیستی کوه دالاخانی ضروری است.

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History

  • Receive Date: 21 April 2026
  • Revise Date: 11 June 2026
  • Accept Date: 13 June 2026

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