Water quality assessment using a multi-descriptor approach: integrating chemistry, diatom assemblages, and non-taxonomical diatom metrics in the Kashkan River, Lorestan province, Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO),Tehran, Iran

10.22092/ijb.2024.364664.1451

Abstract

The Kashkan River, situated in western Iran, is a significant waterway, primarily utilized for drinking water supply and agricultural purposes. Consequently, rigorous monitoring of the river’s water quality is imperative. Diatom’s teratological forms, and ecological stress indicators, play a crucial role in water quality assessment programs. Understanding the correlation between environmental factors and these teratological forms is crucial for accurate water quality indices. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the diatom teratological communities in the Kashkan River and explore their correlation with heavy metals, aiming to elucidate water quality dynamics. In spring 2019, 48 epipelic and epilithic samples were collected along the Kashkan River, considering the impact of anthropogenic activities on the river. Three distinct teratological forms were identified comprising type 1) deformities in valve outlines, type 2) deformities in striations, and type 3) mixed deformities. Notably, valve deformities in Achnanthidium minutissimum and Diatoma moniliformis were the most prevalent. Furthermore, the concentrations of Cd, Fe, and Cr in the sediments emerged as significant environmental variables associated with elevated heavy metal levels in the Kashkan River. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted that sedimentary Fe, Cu, and Cr concentrations were key factors influencing the composition of diatom teratological forms. Consequently, implementing a water quality management program is vital to enhance the overall water quality in the Kashkan River.

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

ارزیابی کیفیت آب رودخانه با استفاده از رویکرد چند توصیف‌گر‌: شیمی، جوامع دیاتومه‌ها و شاخص‌های غیر تاکسونومیک در رودخانه کشکان، استان لرستان، ایران

Authors [Persian]

  • سمیه صفی اله 1
  • سارا سعادتمند 1
  • سمیه خیری 2
  • علیرضا ایرانبخش 1
1 گروه زیست‌شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 موسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

رودخانه کشکان یکی از رودخانه‌های بزرگ در غرب ایران است و به‌عنوان یک مسیر آبی که عمدتا بیشتر برای کشاورزی و شرب استفاده می‌شود مورد توجه قرار می‌گیرد. بنابراین پایش دقیق بر کیفیت آب رودخانه ضروری است. اشکال تراتولوژیکی دیاتومه‌ها، همراه با دیگر شاخص‌های استرس‌زای اکولوژیکی، نقش مهمی در برنامه‌های پایش کیفیت آب در نظر گرفته می‌شوند. شناخت ارتباط بین عوامل محیطی و اشکال تراتولوژیک برای شاخص‌های دقیق کیفی آب حائز اهمیت است. مطالعه حاضر به‌منظور بررسی جوامع اشکال تراتولوژیکی دیاتومه‌ها در رودخانه کشکان و بررسی همبستگی آنها با فلزات سنگین با هدف آشکار کردن کیفیت آب رودخانه انجام شد. در این مطالعه 48 نمونه اپی‌پل و اپی‌لیت با در نظر گرفتن فعالیت‌های انسانی در طول رودخانه کشکان در فصل بهار سال 1398جمع‌آوری شد. سه تیپ از اشکال تراتولوژیکی دیاتومه ها شناسایی شد: تیپ اول براساس تغییرات والو، تیپ دوم بر اساس تغییرات استریا و تیپ سوم بر اساس ترکیب تغییرات. شایع‌ترین شکل تراتولوژیک در تغییر والو دیاتومه‌های  Achnanthidium minutissimumو Diatoma moniliformis مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، غلظت کادمیوم، آهن و کروم در رسوبات به‌عنوان متغیرهای زیست محیطی مهم مرتبط با افزایش غلظت بالای فلزات سنگین در رودخانه کشکان مشاهده شد. همچنین، تجزیه و تحلیل مولفه‌های اصلی (PCA) نشان داد که غلظت آهن، غلظت مس و غلظت کروم در رسوبات از عوامل کلیدی مؤثر بر ترکیب اشکال تراتولوژی دیاتومه‌ها است. بنابراین، اجرای برنامه مدیریت کیفیت آب برای ارتقای کیفیت آب رودخانه کشکان ضروری به نظر می‌رسد.

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