Leaf micromorphology of the genus Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae) in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht

2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

3 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

10.22092/ijb.2024.367518.1500

Abstract

In this study, the micromorphological characteristics of the leaf epidermis of 14 species (28 samples) of the genus Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae) were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Leaf samples were examined on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces. Based on the results, micromorphological traits such as the presence or absence of simple and glandular hairs, the presence or absence of verruca and granules on the hair surface, the position of hairs relative to the epidermis, the shape of epidermal cells, the anticlinal wall, the outer periclinal layer, epidermal surface pattern, wax ornamentation on the cuticle, the shape of the stomata and the distribution of wax on the cuticle, and stomata showed the most diversity. The result showed that micromorphological characters are taxonomically informative and can be used to identify species. Multivariate analysis was used to estimate the potential contribution of micromorphology data to inter- and intraspecific relationships using R software. The cluster and principal component analysis results showed that leaf morphological characters are useful for determining species boundaries.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

مطالعه ریز‌ریخت‌شناسی برگ جنس (Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae در ایران

Authors [Persian]

  • کوثر رضایی چمنی 1
  • مرضیه بیگم فقیر 2
  • محمد محمودی 3
  • شاهرخ کاظم‌پور اوصالو 4
1 گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
2 گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم ، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
3 موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،‌ تهران، ایران
4 گروه زیست‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده علوم زیست شناسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

در این مطالعه، صفات ریزریخت‌شناسی اپیدرم برگ 14 گونه (28 نمونه هرباریومی) از جنسSaxifraga  (Saxifragaceae) با میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج حاضر، صفات ریزریخت‌شناسی مانند وجود یا عدم وجود کرک‌های ساده و غده‌دار، وجود یا عدم وجود زگیل و گرانول‌ها در سطح کرک، موقعیت کرک‌ها نسبت به اپیدرم، شکل سلول‌های اپیدرمی ، دیواره آنتی‌کلینال، بیرونی‌ترین لایه پری‌کلینال، الگوی سطح اپیدرم، تزیینات مومی روی کوتیکولی، شکل روزنه‌ها  و توزیع موم روی کوتیکولی روی سطح روزنه‌ها بیشترین تنوع را نشان دادند. این صفات از دارای اهمیت تاکسونومیک هستند و می‌توان از آنها برای شناسایی گونه‌ها استفاده کرد. آنالیز چند متغیره برای داده‌های ریزریخت‌شناسی در روابط بین و درون گونه‌ای با استفاده از نرم افزار R مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج آنالیز خوشه‌ای و تجزیه مؤلفه‌های اصلی نشان داد که صفات ریزریخت‌شناسی از لحاظ تاکسونومیک مهم هستند و می‌توان از این صفات برای شناسایی گونه‌ها و تعیین مرز گونه‌ها استفاده کرد.

References

Aghaahmadi, M., Mahmoodi, M. & Jamzad, Z. 2014: Distribution patterns of Iranian species of Saxifraga with their phytogeographical significance. -Rostaniha, Vol. 15, 85-93. DOI:10.22092/botany.2014.101233
Akiyama, S. G., R. J. 2012: Saxifraga L. In: M.F. Watson  et al. (eds.), Flora of Nepal.  pp. 254-255.-Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
Akçin, Ö. E., Senel, G., & Akçin, Y. 2013: Leaf epidermis morphology of some Onosma (Boraginaceae) species from Turkey. -Turkish Journal of Botany. Vol. 37, 55-64. DOI: 10.3906/bot-1202-33.
APG III .2009: An update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. -Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 161, 105-121.DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
Güner, A., Akyıldırım, B., Alkayış, M.F., Çıngay, B., Kanoğlu, S.S., Özkan, A.M., Öztekin, M. and Tuğ, G.N., 2012:Türkçe bitki adları. Şu eserde: Güner, A., aslan, S. Ekim, T. Vural, M. & Babaç, MT (edlr.). -Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları Flora Dizisi, 1.
Badry, O., Ahmed K & Elkordy, A. 2020: Pollen diversity in the genus Carlina L.(subtribe Carlininae, Compositae) and its systematic significance. -Review of paleobotany and palynology. Vol. 279, 104243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104243.
Belhadj S,1 Derridj A, Aigouy T, GERS C, Gauquelin T and mevy JP. 2007: Comparative Morphology of Leaf Epidermis in Eight Populations of Atlas Pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf., Anacardiaceae). -microscopy research and technique. Vol. 70:837-846.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.20483
Chase, M. W., Soltis, D. E., Olmstead, R. G., Morgan, D., Les, D. H., Mishler, B. D. 1993: Phylogenetics of seed plants: an analysis of nucleotide sequences from the plastid gene rbcL. -Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 528-580. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399846
Deng, j. -b., Drew, B. T., Mavrodiev, E. V., Gitzendanner, M. A., Soltis, P. S. & Soltis, D. E. 2015: Phylogeny, divergence times, and historical biogeography of the angiosperm family Saxifragaceae. -Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Vol. 83, 86-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.011
Ebersbach, J., Muellner-Riehl, A., Michalak, I., Tkach, N., Hoffmann, M. & Röser, M., Sun, H. & Favre, A. 2017a: 'In and out of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: divergence time estimation and historical biogeography of the large arctic-alpine genus Saxifraga L.' -Journal of Biogeography, Vol. 44(4), 900-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12899
Ebersbach, J., Schnitzler, J., Favre, A. & Muellner-Riehl, A. 2017b: 'Evolutionary radiations in the species-rich mountain genus Saxifraga L.' -BMC evolutionary biology, Vol. 17(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0967-2
Erden A and Menemen Y. 2023: The taxonomic significance of leaf epidermal micromorphological characters of some brassicaceae species in Turkey. -pak. J. Bot., Vol. 55(4): 1503-1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.30848/PJB2023-4(12)
Engler, A. & Irmscher, E.1919: Saxifraga. A. Engler, IV, 117.
Faghir, M., Razaz, M., Attar, F. & Salehi, Z. 2018: Leaf epidermal micromorphology of the genus Hypericum (hypericaceae) from Iran. -Acta Botanica Hungarica, Vol. 60, 313-330. https://doi.org/10.1556/034.60.2018.3-4.5
Ferguson, I. & Webb, D. 1970: Pollen morphology in the genus Saxifraga and its taxonomic significance. -Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol. 63, 295-311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1970.tb02308.x
Gornall, R. J. 1987: An outline of a revised classification of Saxifraga L. -Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Vol. 95 (4), 273-292. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1987.tb01860.x
Jamzad, Z. 1995: Saxifragaceae Vol. 12. -Flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests & Rangelands, Tehran (In Persian).
Johnson, R. A. & Wichern, D. W. 2002: Applied multivariate statistical analysis. 5th ed.DOI: 13: 9780131219731
Kellermann J . 2011: Glossory of Botanical terms , Flora of South Australia 5th Edition 1-24.
Liu, D., Yang, P. & Zhang, Y. -Q. 2016: Water-soluble extract of Saxifraga stolonifera has anti-tumor effects on Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice. -Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. Vol. 26, 4671-4678.DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.051
Lynch A. H, Rudall PJ & Cutler DF. 2006: Leaf anatomy and systematics of Hyacinthaceae. -kew bulletin. Vol. 61: 145-159. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20443254
Mabberley, D. J. 2017: 'Mabberley's plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classifications, and uses. 4thed., -Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 1102 pp.'https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316335581
Matthäus, B. & Otgonbayar, C. 2016: Chemotaxonomic screening of seed oils from the family Saxifragaceae and comparison with data on seed oils from grossulariaceae obtained from literature. -Chemistry & Biodiversity. Vol. 13, 1511-1520. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201600077
Matthews, V. A. 1972: Saxifraga L. and Chrysosplenium L. In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.). -Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 4. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 249-260.
Tkach N, Röser, M. & Hoffmann, M. H. 2015: Molecular phylogenetics, character evolution and systematics of the genus Micranthes (Saxifragaceae). -Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Vol. 178, 47-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12272
Pan, J.-T., Gornall, R. J. & Ohba, H. 2001: Saxifraga L. In Flora of China. Vol. 8. Edited by Z. -Y. Wu, and P.H. Raven. -Science Press; Missouri Botanical Garden Press., Beijing; St. Louis. , 280-345.
Rabe, A. J. & Soltis, D. E. 1999: Pollen tube growth and self-incompatibility in Heuchera micrantha var. diversifolia (Saxifragaceae). -International journal of plant sciences. Vol.  160, 1157-1162.
Rezaee Chamanie K, Faghir MB, Mahmoodi M, Kazempour Osaloo S, Moradi A. 2024: Using leaf micromorphology to characterize Iranian species of Ribes (Grossulariaceae). Feddes Repertorium. -Feddes  Reperturism. Vol.135 (2), 160-171. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.202300007
Schönbeck-Temsey, E. 1967: Saxifragaceae, In: K.H.Rechinger (ed.), . Flora Iranica, No. 42. -Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt und Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Graz & Wien.
Sneath, P. H. & Sokal, R. R. 1973: The principles and practice of numerical classification. Numerical taxonomy, 573. Freeman, San Francisco.
Sokal, R. R. 1958: A statistical method for evaluating systematic relationships. -Univ. Kansas, Sci. Bull., Vol. 38, 1409-1438.
Soltis, Douglas E, Kuzoff, K, R., Conti, Elena, et al. 1996: matK and rbcL gene sequence data indicate that Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae) is polyphyletic. -American Journal of Botany. Vol. 83, 371-382. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12717.x
Soltis, D. E., Morgan, E. R., le, A. G., Soltis, P. S. & Kuzoff., R. 1993: Molecular systematics of Saxifragaceae sensu lato. -American Journal of Botany. Vol.80, 1056-1081. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1993.tb15333.x
Soltis, D. E. & Soltis, P. S. 1997: Phylogenetic relationships in Saxifragaceae sensu lato: a comparison of topologies based on 18S rDNA and rbcL sequences. -American Journal of Botany, Vol.84, 504-522. https://doi.org/10.2307/2446027
Soltis, D. E., Kuzoff, R. K., Mort, M. E., Zanis, M., Fishbein, M., Hufford, L. 2001a: Elucidating deep-level phylogenetic relationships in Saxifragaceae using sequences for six chloroplastic and nuclear DNA regions. -Ann Missouri Bot Gard, Vol. 88, 669-693. https://doi.org/10.2307/3298639
Soltis DE. 2007: Saxifragaceae: Saxifragaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 308 (1789),’Saxifragae’, nom. cons. InFlowering Plants· Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales pp, Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales pp, Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae, Sabiaceae (pp. 418-435). -Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Team, R. C. 2021: Version 4.1. 2. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical. -Computing, (https://www.r-project.org/foundation).
Team, R. D. C. 2009: A language and environment for statistical computing. http://www. R-project. org.
Tkach, N., Röser, M. & Hoffmann, M. H. 2015a: Molecular phylogenetics, character evolution and systematics of the genus Micranthes (Saxifragaceae). -Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol. 178, 47-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12272
Tkach, N., Röser, M., Miehe, G., Muellner-Riehl, A. N., Ebersbach, J., Favre, A. 2015b: Molecular phylogenetics, morphology and a revised classification of the complex genus Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae). -Taxon Vol. 64 (6), 1159-1187. https://doi.org/10.12705/646.4
Webb & Gornall, R. J. 1989: Saxifrages of Europe: Christopher Helm London.
Zhang, D. -J., Sheng-Yun, C., Qing-Bo, G., Yi-Zhong, D. & Shi-Long, C. 2008: Circumscription and phylogeny of Saxifraga sect. Ciliatae: Evidence from nrDNA ITS sequences. -Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Vol. 46, 667. 10.3724/SP.J.1002.2008.07091
Zhang, Z. 2013: 'Phylogenetic studies in the genus Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Leicester, England. 310 pp.'
Zhang, Z., Chen, S. & Gornall, R. J. 2015a: Morphology and anatomy of the exine in Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae). -Phytotaxa, Vol. 212, 105-132. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.212.2.1
Zhmylev, P. Y. 2004: Rod Saxifraga L. (Saxifragaceae): Biomorfologia, sistematikai evolutsia zhiznennykh form. [Genus Saxifraga L. (Saxifragaceae): Biomorphology, systematics and evolution of the life forms.]. Dissertation, Moscow State University. [in Russian].
The Iranian Journal of Botany
Volume 30, Issue 2 - Serial Number 60
December 2024
Pages 184-206

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 02 November 2024
  • Revise Date: 11 December 2024
  • Accept Date: 26 December 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics