Taxonomic significance of cypselas morphology of tribe Heliantheae (Asteraceae) from Pakistan and Kashmir

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Centre for Plant Conservation University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

2 Government National College, Department of Botany, Karachi, Pakistan

10.22092/ijb.2024.365298.1462

Abstract

In Asteraceae, the remarkable feature of cypsela plays a significant role in the taxonomic treatment of species. In this research, we aim to assess the significance of the micro-morphological diversity of cypsela at a lower taxonomic level, alongside its corresponding phylogeny. Cypselas of 11 taxa viz., Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philip., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Helianthus annuus L., Helianthus tuberosus L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Sphagneticola calendulaceae (L.) Pruski, Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski, Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex A. Gray, Xanthium spinosum L., Xanthium strumarium L., and Zinnia elegans Jacquin were examined for the first time from the study area. Cypselas are usually isomorphic (except in Zinnia elegans), light to dark brown or blackish with a carbonized layer in the pericarp, often monotypic, oblanceolate to oblong or obovate. The characters including the size, surface, number of ribs, angle, apex, and appearance of awns, pappus, beak, and wings were evaluated. Studied taxa are grouped into two contrasting cypsela types (viz., Type I and Type II). Cypselas types with their species are presented through the artificial key. Thirteen qualitative and quantitative variables were utilized to construct cluster analysis, including hilum position, degree of pubescence (surface hair), apex, presence or absence of pappus and awns. The variations among these features were the cornerstone to delineating studied taxa. Here we report the cypsela morphological characteristics of 11 species from 8 genera of Heliantheae (Asteraceae) for the first time in Pakistan and Kashmir, using Stereomicroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy.
 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

ارزش تاکزونومیکی صفات ریختی فندقه‌ها در قبیله Heliantheae از خانواده Asteraceae از پاکستان و کشمیر

Authors [Persian]

  • ربیعه اخلاق 1
  • روحی عابد 1
  • عابد آرزو راشد 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری، مرکز حفاظت گیاهان، دانشگاه کراچی، کراچی، پاکستان
2 گروه گیاه‌شناسی، کالج ملی دولتی، کراچی، پاکستان
Abstract [Persian]

در خانواده Asteraceae، صفات فندقه جایگاه قابل توجهی در طبقه‌بندی ایفا می‌کند. در کار تحقیقاتی حاضر، خصوصیات فندقه و همچنین ارزیابی ارزش تنوع میکرومورفولوژیکی ریزریخت‌شناسی آن در طبقه‌بندی در سطوح تاکزونومیکی پایین‌تر بررسی می‌شود. فندقه 11 آرایه (Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philip., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Helianthus annuus L., Helianthus tuberosus L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Sphagneticola calendulaceae (L.) Pruski, Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski, Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. F. ex A. Grey, Xanthium spinosum L., Xanthium strumarium L., and Zinnia elegans Jacquin) برای اولین بار از منطقه مورد بررسی مطالعه شدند. فندقه‌ها معمولاً هم شکل هستند (به‌جز درelegans Zinnia)، قهوه‌ای روشن تا تیره یا مایل به سیاه با لایه کربنی در پریکارپ، اغلب یکنواخت و به شکل‌های، واژسرنیزه‌ای، مستطیلی و یا واژتخم مرغی هستنند. اندازه، سطح، تعداد رگه‌ها، زاویه، راس و شکل‌های شاخک‌ها و پرزها، منقار و بال‌ها، صفات مورد بررسی بودند. گونه‌های مورد مطالعه دردو نوع متفاوت (نوع I و نوع II) طبقه‌بندی و انواع فندقه‌ها و گونه‌های متعلق به آنها توسط یک کلید شناسایی از یکدیگر تفکیک شدند. 13 متغیر کمی و کیفی برای انجام آنالیز خوشه‌ای مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند از جمله موقعیت ناف، میزان کرک‌دار بودن (موی سطحی)، راس، وجود یا عدم وجود جقه و شاخک. تغییرات بین این ویژگی‌ها مبنای تفکیک گونه‌های مورد مطالعه بوده است. در این مقاله خصوصیات ریخت شناسی فندقه در ۱۱ گونه از ۸ جنس از قبیله Asteraceae (Heliantheae) برای اولین بار، با استفاده از استریومیکروسکوپ و میکروسکوپ الکترونی برای گونه‌های پاکستان و کشمیر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.

Keywords [Persian]

  • Heliantheae
  • مورفولوژی Cypselas
  • Pappus
  • Awns
  • کشمیر

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History

  • Receive Date: 17 March 2024
  • Revise Date: 13 June 2024
  • Accept Date: 16 June 2024

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