سیتوژنتیک زعفران (Crocus sativus L. )، یک گونه اتوتریپلویید طبیعی و بررسی دلایل عقیمی آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استاد مؤسسه تحقیقات بیوشیمی و بیوفیزیک دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

یکی از گرانترین ادویه‌های جهان خامه و کلاله قرمز نارنجی خشک شده زعفران است. فرآیند میوز در زعفران نشان داد که Crocus sativus یک گونه اتوتریپلویید می‌باشد که واجد تعداد کروموزوم 2n=3x=8+8+8= 24 می‌باشد. نتایج بدست آمده از رفتار کروموزومها در تقسیم میوز نشان داد که نقش اصلی عقیمی در زعفران مربوط به همین اتوتریپلویید بودن آن است. چینش کروموزومها بصورت تری‌والان و تشکیل این تری‌والان‌ها به شکل ماهیتابه‌ای، زنجیری، Y شکل، V شکل و نوع مثلثی در مرحله متافاز اول باعث تفرق نامتعادل آنها در آنافاز اول می‌شود. تفکیک نامتعادل کروموزومها در آنافاز اول و دوم با بروز کروموزومهای عقب مانده در این مراحل ایجاد گامتهای عقیم می‌کند. همچنین تشکیل پلهای کروماتیدی در آنافاز اول و دوم و بروز هسته‌های کوچک در مراحل تلوفاز دوم و تتراد دلایل دیگری برای عقیمی هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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