تنوع ژنتیکی و ساختار جمعیتی بارهنگ Plantago major L. در ایران (پلانتاجیناسه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه زیست‌شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه زیست شناسی- دانشکده علوم پایه- دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات تهران- ایران

3 استاد گروه تنوع و تکامل گیاهی، مؤسسه علوم زیستی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه اُلدنبرگ، اُلدنبرگ، آلمان

چکیده

بارهنگ کبیر (Plantago major L.) که زمانی محدود به اوراسیا بود، امروزه گستردگی زیادی در دنیا دارد و به عنوان گیاهی مهاجم شناخته می‌شود. با توجه به دامنه پراکنش وسیع بارهنگ کبیر در ایران، تلاش‌های علمی مولکولی در راستای روشن ساختن تنوع ژنتیکی و ساختار جمعیتی آن به شدت مورد نیاز است. بر همین اساس، بررسی تنوع ژنتکی 17 جمعیت مختلف P. major  با مارکرهای ISSR انجام گرفت که سطح بالایی از تنوع ژنتیکی را آشکار نمود و میانگین پارامترهای تنوع ژنتیکی برای جمعیت‌ها شامل تعداد آلل‌های مختلف (Na)، تعداد آلل‌های مؤثر (Ne)، ضریب شاخص شانون(I) و ضریب تنوع نی (H) به ترتیب 12/1، 32/1، 271/0 و 184/0 بودند. جمعیت دماوند از بیشترین مقدار Na (51/1) برخوردار بود، در حالیکه جمعیت مشکین‌شهر مقادیر برتری را برای Ne (466/1)، I (386/0) و H (262/0) را دارا بود. بررسی توزیع تنوع ژنتیکی با AMOVA نشان داد که نسبت عمده‌ای از کل تنوع ژنتیکی به‌صورت درون جمعیتی (77%) بوده و به مقدار کمتری بین جمعیتی (19%) و بین منطقه‌ای (4%) می‌باشد. طبقه‌بندی ژنتیکی جمعیتی مخلوطی از دو گروه با غالبیت مختلف از شمال‌غربی تا شرق و جنوب ایران را نشان داد. تنوع در سیستم تولید مثل، ویژگی‌های مهاجم بودن و پراکنش بذر به‌عنوان فاکتورهای مؤثری برای نرخ بالای جریان ژنی و وجود همزمان نشانه‌هایی از تمایز ژنتیکی بین جمعیت‌های مختلف P. major  پیشنهاد گردیده‌اند.

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