بیوژئوگرافی جنس فرولا (Ferula L.) از تیره چتریان برگرفته از آنالیز توالی‌های ناحیه ژنومی هسته و کلروپلاست

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در این مطالعه، زمان انشقاق عنصر بزرگ آسیایی Ferula L. متعلق به زیرطایفه Ferulinae، طایفه Scandiceae، و تیره چتریان (Apiaceae) توسط توالی‌های ناحیه (ITS (Internal transcribed spacer ژنوم هسته و سه ناحیه کلروپلاستی غیرکدکننده (اینترون rps16 و اینترون rpoC1 و ناحیه بین ژنی rpoB-trnC ) تخمین زده شد. داده‌های حاصل از 141 تاکسون زیرطایفه (Ferulinae (Ferula, Dorema, Leutea به همراه گونه‌های خویشاوندشان، توسط آنالیزهایBEAST ؛ S-DIVA و BBM اجراشده در برنامه RASP مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج بدست آمده مشخص نمود که شکاف اولیه درون Ferulinae در طول اوایل پلیوسن (حدود 8/4 میلیون سال قبل) رخ داده و تاکسون‌های دودمان اولیه این زیرطایفه عمدتاً از پروانس ارمنستان-ایران منشاء گرفته‌اند. بنابراین یک انشعاب اجدادی به اعضای گروه Ferula منجر شده و متعاقباً انشعاب دیگر تحت انشقاق بیشتر اعضای دودمان Leutea را (حدود 8/1 الی 2 میلیون سال قبل) پدید آورده است. تنوع‌یابی درون گروه Ferula، در ناحیه ایرانو-تورانی صورت گرفته به‌طوری­که در اواخر پلیوسن در ناحیه آسیای مرکزی و در ابتدای پلیستوسن به سمت غرب در ناحیه مدیترانه‌ای تشدید شده است. اجداد گونه‌های شرق دورFerula، در دوره پلیوسن (2/2-4 میلیون سال قبل) از آسیای مرکزی به سمت آسیای شرقی گسترش یافته و اجداد گروه مدیترانه‌ای در ناحیه مدیترانه غربی با ضریب احتمالی بالا تنوع یافته‌اند. احتمالا این انشقاق‌ها به ترتیب با بالا آمدن صفحه هیمالیا- تبت، تغییرات اقلیمی و خشک شدن حوزه آسیای مرکزی، و همچنین دوباره پرشدن حوزه مدیترانه‌ای و جریان Zanclean در پلیوسن ارتباط دارد.

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