Ephedra laristanica is described as a new species. It is characterized by having upright habit, three anthers, two seeds and a short micropyle. E. foliata and E. pachyclada are compared with the new species as the closest affinities in the area. Amblyopyrum muticum var. loliaceum, collected in NW. Iran is reported for the first time from Iran. Melica altissima, again from NW. Iran is an interesting record from Iran. Formerly it was recorded by the author of Flora Iranica, but apparently no specimen seen by him.