ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PALYNOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE GENUS HYPERICUM (HYPERICACEAE) IN IRAN AND ITS TAXONOMIC IMPORTANCE
In this research, pollen grains of ten species and two subspecies of the genus Hypericum in Iran belonging to four sections were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains are monad, isopolar to subisopolar and heteropolar, prolate, subprolate, spheroidal and prolate- spheroidal in shape, small to medium in size. The outline of pollen grains varies from round to triangular, quadrangular and ovate from polar view and elliptical, tetrahedral, quadrangular, round and ovate from equatorial view; 3 and 4 syncolporate to 3, 4 and 6 zonocolporate. Based on exine sculpturing, pore shape, size and muri thickness, the examined species are divided in two main types including scrobiculate and micro reticulate and 2 subtypes including small pore / thick muri and large pore / thin muri. The pores are arranged from irregular to regular-irregular with regular intervals. The current result revealed taxonomically important palynological data of the genus Hypericum. These traits can be used for infrageneric classification, especially at sectional and species levels.
https://ijb.areeo.ac.ir/article_116719_dd505ba249e3926753ef2118a130ca73.pdf
2018-06-22
1
16
10.22092/ijb.2018.116719
Hypericum
Hypericaceae
Taxonomy
Pollen morphology
Iran
Marzieh Beygom
Faghir
marziehbeygomfaghir@gmail.com
1
Associate prof. at University of Guilan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahsa
Razaz
mahsarazaz96@gmail.com
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
AUTHOR
Farideh
Attar
faridehattar@ut.ac.ir
3
Central Herbarium of Tehran University, School of Biology, University College of Science, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Zivar
Salehi
geneticzs@yahoo.co.uk
4
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mahnaz
Vafadar
vafadar@znu.ac.ir
5
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Asker, S. E. & Jerling, L. 1992: Apomixis in Plants, CRC Press. –Boca Raton, FL, USA.
1
Avato, P. 2005: A survey on the Hypericum genus: secondary metabolites and bioactivity. –Stud. Nat. Prod. Chem. 30: 603–634.
2
Aytug, B., Aykut, S., Merev, N. & Edis, G. 1971: Pollen Atlas of plants in and around. Istanbul University Press. –Istanbul.
3
Azadi, R. 1999: Guttiferae. In: Assadi, M. (Eds.), Flora of Iran. 27: 1–62. R.I.F.R. –Tehran.
4
Barros M, Ramos A 1984: Estudio del polen de las especies de Hypericum sect. Hirtella Stef. en la Penı´nsula Ibe´rica y Baleares. V Simposio de Palinologı´a. APLE. Resu´menes, Co´rdoba
5
Bayat, M., Rahiminejad, M. & Ghaem maghami, L. 2015: The anatomical and palynological study of Hypericum dogonbadanicum. –Journal of plant researches. 29 (1): 15-30.
6
Bruni, R. & Sacchetti, G. 2009: Factor affecting polyphenol biosynthesis in wild and field Grown St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericaceae/Guttiferae). – Molecules. 14:682-725.
7
Clarke, G. C. S. 1975: Irregular pollen grains in some Hypericum species. –Grana. 15: 117–125
8
Clarke, G. C. S. 1976: Guttiferae. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 21(3): 125-142.
9
Clarke, G. C. S. 1981: Pollen morphology. In: Robson N. K. B, Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae). –Bull British Mus Nat Hist (Bot). 8:115–118.
10
Erdtman, G. 1952: Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Almqvist and Wiksells. –Stockholm.
11
Ernst, E. 2003: The genus Hypericum. Taylor and Francis. –London, New York.
12
Hebda, R. J. & Chinnappa, C. C. 1990: Studies on pollen morphology of Rosaceae in Canada. –Rev Palaeobot Palynol. 64: 103–108.
13
Hebda, R. J., Chinnappa, C. C. & Smith, B. M. 1988: Pollen morphology of the Rosaceae of western Canada. I1. Dryas, Fragaria, Holodiscus. –Can. J. Bot. 66: 595–612.
14
Horandl, E. 2004: Comparative analysis of genetic divergence among sexual ancestors of apomictic complexes using isozyme data. – Int. J. Plant. Sci. 165: 615–622.
15
Khan, H.A. 1969: Pollen morphology of Indian Hypericaceae. –J. Palynol. 5(97): 99–105.
16
Maggi F, Ferretti G, Pocceschi N, Menghini L, Ricciutelli M. 2004: Morphological, histological and phytochemical investigation of the genus Hypericum of central Italy. –Fitoterapia 75: 702–711.
17
Maggi, F., Cecchini, C., Cresci, A., Coman, M. M., Tirillini, B., Sagratini, G. & Papa, F. 2010: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from several Hypericum taxa (Guttiferae) growing in central Italy. – Chem. Biodiv. 7: 447–466.
18
Mahmoudi otaghvari, A., Alinattaj omrani, K. & Fadaei, F. 2015: The pollen morphology study on some species of Hypericum L. in the northern Iran. – IJBPAS. 4 (11): 957-967.
19
Martonfi, P. Janikova, M. & Zezula, I. 2002: Palynological analysis of seven Hypericum taxa.–Biologia- Bratislava 57(4): 455-460.
20
Matzk, F., Hammer, K. & Schubert, I. 2003: Coevolution of apomixi and genome size within the genus Hypericum. –Sex Plant Reprod. 16: 51-58.
21
Matzk, F., Meister, A., Brutovska, R. & Schubert, I. 2001: Reconstruction of reproductive diversity in Hypericum perforatum L. opens novel strategies to manage apomixis. –Plant. J. 26: 275–282
22
Meseguer, A. S. & Sanmartín, I. 2012: Paleobiology of the genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae): a survey of the fossil record and its palaeogeographic implications. –Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid. 69(1): 97-106.
23
Moor, P. D. & Webb JA, Collinson ME. 1991: Pollen analysis. Oxford: Blackwell.
24
Nürk, N. M. & Blattner, F. R. 2010: Cladistic analysis of morphological characters in Hypericum (Hypericaceae). – Taxon. 59: 1495–1507.
25
Nurk, N. M. & Crockett, S. L. 2011: Morphological and phytochemical diversity among Hypericum species of the Mediterranean basin. –Med. Aromat. Plant Sci. Biotechnol. 5(1):14–28.
26
Nurk, N. M. 2011: Phylogenetic analyses in St. John’s wort (Hypericum), Inferring character evolution and historical biogeography. Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades des Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.), eingereicht im Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazien der Freien Universitat Berlin.
27
Ocak, A. & Potoglu Erkara, I. 2013: Palynological investigations on some Hypericum taxa (Hypericaceae) growing naturally in Turkey. –Plant. Syst. Evol. 299: 379-388.
28
Ozturk, N., Tuncel, M. & Potoglu-Erkara, I. 2009: Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of some Hypericum species: A comparative study with H. perforatum.–Pharmaceutical Biology. 47(2): 120–127.
29
Punt, W., Hoen, P. O., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S. & Thomas, A. L. 2007: Glossary of pollen terminology. –Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 143:1–81.
30
Reitsma, T. J. 1966: Pollen morphology of some European Rosaceae. –Acta Bot Neerl 15: 290–307.
31
Robson, N. K. B. 1968: Hypericum L. In: Rechinger, K. H. (Ed), Flora Iranica. 2–20. –Graz.
32
Robson, N. K. B. 1977: Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae): 1. Infrageneric classification. -Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 5: 291–355.
33
Robson, N. K. B. 1981: Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae): 2. Characters of the genus. –Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 8: 55–226.
34
Robson, N. K. B. 1985: Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae): 3. Sections 1. Campylosporus to 6a. Umbraculoides. –Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 12: 1–325.
35
Robson, N. K. B. 1996: Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae), 6. Sections 20 (Myriandra) to 28 (Elodes) - Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. Bot. 26: 75–217.
36
Robson, N. K. B. 2006: Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Clusiaceae), Sections 9. Hypericum sensu lato (part 3): subsection 1. Hypericum series 2. Senanensia, subsection 2. Erecta and section 9b. Graveolentia. – Syst Biodivers 4: 19–98.
37
Robson, N. K. B. 2010: Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Hypericaceae) 5 (2). Sections 17. Hirtella to 19. Coridium. – Phytotaxa 4: 127–258.
38
Senturk, H., Kabay, S., Ozden, H., Bayramoglu, G., Ustuner M. C., Ozturk, N., Guven, G., Kutlu, A., Bilgi, G., Ustuner, D. & Gunes¸ V. 2012: The protective effect of Hypericum origanifolium in experimental renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. –African J. Pharm. Pharmacol.
39
Thomas, J. L. 1970: Haploid, diploid pollen in Hypericum patulum. J. –Arnold. Arboretum. 51: 247–250
40
Vezey, E. L., Shah, V. P and Skvarla, J. J. 1992: A numerical approach to pollen sculpture terminology. –Pl. Syst. Evol. 181: 245-254.
41
Walker, J.W. & Doyle, J. A. 1975: The basis of Angiosperm phylogeny: palynology. –Ann Bot Gard; 62:666-723
42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF ONAGRACEAE IN IRAN
This study aims to assess the pollen characteristics of Iranian Onagraceae based on SEM techniques to evaluate the possibility of giving them a role in systematic analysis. Pollen grains of the studied taxa included radially symmetrical, tetrad tetra-hederal, isopolar, triangular to triangular-spheroidal, 3-zonoporate, with viscin threads, rugulate-granulate, granulate, verrucate and striate sculpturing. Polar axis ranged between 30 and 80 µm. Equatorial axis showed variation from 40 to 90 µm. Moreover, arm diameter ranged between 8.85 to 18.83 µm, pore diameter 8.72 to 21.69 µm. PCOA and Cluster analysis of pollen characteristics did not clearly show sectional divisions based on Flora Iranica as well as Flora of Iran. There are not significant differences in size, shape, pore structure and arm characteristics to delimit all species in Onagraceae. Moreover, Pollen grains are not efficient for generic delimitation in the studied taxa in Iran. Therefore, even though that the examined taxa cannot be distinguished exclusively by pollen, it may be a useful tool for delimitation some taxa in Onagraceae along with other evidence.
https://ijb.areeo.ac.ir/article_116720_5cb04f349a94185b44073761124ab709.pdf
2018-06-22
16
27
10.22092/ijb.2018.116720
Palynology
Onagraceae
Epilobium
Circaea
Oenothera
Iran
Sedigheh
Rahimi
sedigheh.rahimi@ymail.com
1
Department of Plant Sciences and technology, Faculty of biological sciences and technology, Shahid Beheshti University, GC. P. O. Box, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ahmadreza
Mehrabian
a_mehrabian@sbu.ac.ir
2
Department of Plant Sciences and technology, Faculty of biological sciences and technology, Shahid Beheshti University, GC. P. O. Box, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Massoud
Sheidai
msheidai@yahoo.com
3
Department of Plant Sciences and technology, Faculty of biological sciences and technology, Shahid Beheshti University, GC. P. O. Box, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mojdeh
Mohebi Sadr
4
Department of Plant Sciences and technology, Faculty of biological sciences and technology, Shahid Beheshti University, GC. P. O. Box, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Albert, B. Matamoro, V. Raquin. & Nadot, S. 2010: Formation and function of a new pollen aperture pattern in angiosperms: the proximal sulcus of Tillandsia leiboldiana (Bromeliaceae). –Ame. J. Bot. 97: 365–368.
1
Albert, B. Nadot, S. Dreyer, L. & Ressayre, A. 2010: The influence of Tetrad tetra-hederal shape and intersporal callose wall formation on pollen aperture pattern ontogeny in two eudicot species. -Ann. Bot. 106: 557–564.
2
Akbari, R. S. & Azizian, D. 2006: Seed morphology and seed coat sculpturing of Epilobium L. species (Onagraceae Juss.) from Iran. –Tur. J. Bot. 30: 435–440.
3
Assadi, M. Jamzad, Z. Masoumi, A. A. & Mozafarian, V. (eds.) 2005: Flora of Iran, Onagraceae, No.50. – Research Institute of Forests & Rangelands.
4
Beer, R. 1906: On the development of the pollen grain and anther of some Onagraceae. -Bot. Zen. l. 19: 286–313.
5
Brockie, W. B. 1966: Artificial hybridisation of New Zealand species and varieties of Epilobium L. -New Zealand. J. Bot. 4: 366-391.
6
Brown, C. A. 1967: Pollen morphology of the Onagraceae. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. -J. Science Direct. 3: 163–180. ELSEVIER.
7
Brockie, W. B. 1970: Artificial hybridisation in Epilobium L. involving New Zealand, European, and North American species. - New Zealand. J. Bot. 8: 94-97.
8
Chen, C. J. Hoch, P. C. & Raven, P. H. 1992: Systematics of Epilobium L. (Onagraceae) in China. –Syst. Bot. Mono. 34: 1-209.
9
Doyle, J. A. 2009: Evolutionary significance of granular exine structure in the light of phylogenetic analyses. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. -J. Science Direct. 156: 198-210. ELSEVIER.
10
Erdtman, G. 1960: The acetolysis method. A revised description. -Sve. Bot. Tid. 54: 561–564.
11
Erbar, C. 2003: Pollen tube transmitting tissue: Place of competition of male gametophytes. – Int. J. Pl. Sci. 164: 265 –277.
12
Ford, V. S. & Gottlieb, L. D. 2007: Tribal relationships within Onagraceae inferred from PgiC sequences. - Systematic Botany, 32: 348-356.
13
Grimsson, F. Zetter, R. & Leng, Q. 2012: Diverse fossil Onagraceae pollen from a Miocene palynoflora of north-east China: early steps in resolving the phytogeographic history of the family. –Pl. Syst. Evol. 298: 671-687.
14
Haussknecht, C. 1884: Monograph der gattung Epilobium L. Jena, Germany. - J.STOR.
15
Hesse, hl. 1981: ViscinGden bei Angiospermen - homologe oder analoge Gebilde? - hlikroskopie (Wien). 38: 85-89.
16
Hesse, hl. 1984: An exine architecture model for kiscin threads. –Gra. J. 23: 69-75.
17
Husband, B. C. & Schemske, D. W. 1996: Magnitude and timing of inbreeding depression in a diploid population of Epilobium angustifolium (Onagraceae). – Heredity.75: 206–215.
18
Harder, L. D. & Johnson, S. D. 2008: Function and evolution of aggregated pollen in Angiosperms. -Int. J. Pla. Sci. 169: 59–78.
19
Halbritter, H. Weber, M. Zetter, R. Frosch Radivo, A. Buchner, R. & Hesse, M. 2008: -Pollen Terminology: An Illustrated Handbook.- Springer Hesse, M. Halbritter, H. Zetter, R. Weber, M. Buchner, R. Frosch Radivo, A. & Ulrich, S. 2009: Pollen terminology—. -an illustrated handbook. –Spri. Verlag. Vienna.
20
John, J. Skvarla, J. J. Peter, H. Raven. P. H. & Praglowski, J. 1975: The Evolution of Pollen tetrad tetra-hedrals in Onagraceae. -Ame. J. Bot. 62. No. 1: 6-35.
21
Keri, C. & Zetter, R. 1992: Notes on the exine ultra structure of Onagraceae and Rhododendroideae (Ericaceae). –Grana, 31: 119–123.
22
Krakos, K. 2011: The Evolution and Reproductive Ecology of Oenothera L. (Onagraceae). -Ann. Bot. 58: 123-130.
23
Liao, S. 1962: The morphology and chemistry of the threads attached to the pollen grains of Oenotherceae. – M.A. thesis, Claremont Graduate School.
24
Lepouse, J. & Romain, M. F. 1967: Etude de l'ultrastructure des enveloppes polliniques chez Oenothera biennis L. –Pl. Sp. 9: 403-413.
25
Levin, R. A. Wagner, W. Hoch, P. Hahn, W. Rodriguez, A. Baum, D. A. Katinas, L. Zimmer, E. A. & Sytsma, K. J. 2004: Paraphyly in tribe Onagreae: Insights into phylogenetic relationships of Onagraceae based on nuclear and chloroplast sequence data. -Syst. Bot. 29 (1): 147-164
26
Mohl, H. 1834: Über den Bau und die Formen der Pollenkörner.Beiträge zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Gewächse. –Beiträge zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Gewächse. Erste Heft, 130 Seiten, mit VI Lithographierten Taflen.-Fischer und Comp., Bern.
27
Muller, H. 1883: The fertilization of flowers. – Translated and edited by D'Arcy W. Thompson. (B.A) MacMillan and Co., London.
28
Mitroiu, N. 1961–62. Cercetari palinologice asupra microsporilos din familia Onagraceae. –Acta Bot. Horti. Bucuresti, 1: 435–455
29
Mitroiu, N. 1963: Certetari palinologice aspura microsporilordon familia Onagraceae. –Acta Botanica Horti Bucuresti. 1: 435-457.
30
Montgomery, B. R. Dave, K. & Jenny, J. L. 2001: Pollinator limitation of seed set in Fuchsia perscandens L. (Onagraceae) on Banks Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand. –Newz. J. Bot. 39: 4, 559-565. Makbul, S. Türkmen, Z. Coskuncelebi, K. & Beyazoglu, O. 2008: Anatomical and pollen characters in the genus Epilobium L. (Onagraceae) from Northeast Anatolia. –Acta. Biol. Cracov. Bot. 50: 51–62.
31
Naqinezhad, AR. & Sharafi, M. 2007: Two new records from Gilan and Mazandaran provinces, N IRAN. -Iran.J. Bot. 13(2): 95-98.
32
Piel, K. M. 1971: Palynology of Oligocene sediments from central British Columbia. -Can. J. Bot. 49: 1885-1920.
33
Proctor, M. & Yeo, P. 1973: The pollination of flowers. – William Collins and Sons and Co. Ltd., London.
34
Patel, V. C. skvarla, J. J. Raven, P. H. 1984: Pollen characters in relation to the delimitation of Myrtales. – Annals of the Missouri Botanic Garden. 71 (3): 858-969.
35
Praglowski, J. Nowicke, J. W. Skvarla, J. J. Hoch, P. C. Raven, P. H. & Takahashi, M. 1994: Onagraceae Juss.: Circaeeae DC., Hauyeae Raimann, Epilobieae Spach. World Pollen and Spore Flora 19: 1-38.
36
Punt, W. Rovers, J. & Hoen. P. P. 2003: The northwest European pollen flora, 67. Onagraceae. – Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 123: 107–161.
37
Punt,W. Hoen, P. P. Blackmore, S. Nilsson, S. & Thomas, A. Le. 2006: Glossary of pollen and spores terminology. –Rev. Pl. Palynol. 143: 1-81.
38
Raven, P. H. 1964: The generic subdivision of Onagraceae, tribe Onagreae. –Brittonia. 16: 276-288.
39
Raven, P. H. 1967: Generic and sectional delimitation in Onagraceae, tribe Epilobieae.
40
Rowley, J. R. 1983: Plasma membrane surface processes as Construction units of the exine of EoilobiumL. (Onagraceae). - In: Fertilization and Embryogenesis in Ovulated Plants. Veda Slov Acad Sci, Bratislava.
41
Rowley, J. & Claugher, D. 1996: Structure of the exine of Epilobium angustifolium (Onagraceae). –Grana. 35: 79-86.
42
Rowley, J. R. & Skvarla. J. J. 2006: Pollen development in Epilobium (Onagraceae): Late microspore stages (a review). -Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 140: 91–112.
43
Robertson, A. W. Ladley, J. J. Kelly, D. Mcnutt, K. L. Peterson, P. G. Merrett, M. F. & Karl, B. J. 2008: Assessing pollination and fruit dispersal in Fuchsia excorticata (Onagraceae). –Nez. J. Bot. 46: 299–314
44
Schleiden, M. 1846: Grundzuge der wissenschaftlichen Botanik. Leipzig: -V. Engelmann.
45
Stebbins, G. L. 1950: Variation and evolution in plants. -New York: -Columbia University Press.
46
Skvarla, J. J. Raven, P. H. & Praglowski, J. 1975: Ultrastructural survey of Onagraceae pollen. – Linn. Soc. Symp. ser. 1: 447–479.
47
Seavy, S. R. & Raven, P. H. 1977: Chromosal evolution in Epilobium Sect. Epilobium (Onagraceae). –Pl. Syst. Evol. 127: 107-119.
48
Skvarla, J. J. Raven, P. H. Chissoe, W. F. & Sharp, M. 1978: An ultrastructural study of viscin threads in Onagraceae pollen. -Pollen & Spores 20: 5–143.
49
Skvarla, J. J. Rowley, J. R. Chissoe, W. F. & Hoch, P. C. 2005: Teratological pollen Morphology of Circaea Canadensis ssp. canadensis (Onagraceae: Circaeeae). –Grana, 44: 23–29.
50
Skvarla, J. J. Rowley, J. R. Hoch, P. C. & Chissoe, W. F. 2008: Unique tetrads of Epilobium luteum (Onagraceae: Onagreae) pollen. -Brittonia, 60(4): 398-404.
51
Tschistiakoff, J. 1866: Ueber die Entwicke lnugs ge- schichte des Pollens bei Epilobium angustifolium. -Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 10: 7-48.
52
Tschistiakoff, J. 1876: Beiträge zur Theorie der Pflanzenzelle.Uber die Entwickelungsgeschichte des Pollens bei Epilobium angustifolium. -Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 10: 7–48.
53
Ting, W. S. 1966: Pollen morphology of Onagraceae. –Pl. Sp. 8: 9–36.
54
Takahashi, M. & Skvarla, J. J. 1990: Pollen development in Oenothera biennis (Onagraceae). – Am. J. Bot. 77: 1142-1148.
55
Zander, E. 1935: Beitraige zur Herkunfts bestimmung bei Honig. Pollengestaltung und Herkunftsbest- immung bei Blutenhonig. (Berlin, Verlag der Reichsfachgruppe imker e.v).
56
Zetter, R. & Keri, C. 1987: New details on the morphology of fossil Onagraceous pollen grains. – Pl. Syst. Evol. 157: 1-7.
57
Zetter, R. & Hesse, M. 1996: The morphology of pollen tetrads and viscin threads in some Tertiary Rhododendron-like Ericaceae. –Grana, 35: 285–294.
58
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
TRICHOME MICROMORPHOLOGY OF SILENE (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) SPECIES IN IRAN
A comparative trichrome micromorphological study of 24 Silene species representing eight sections, was made using light and scanning electron microscopy. To check the consistency of trichome types on different parts of a certain species, micromorphological studies were focused on stem, leaf and calyx surface. Two basic types of trichomes were distinguished: glandular and non-glandular. Two different subtypes were recognized within the non-glandular type representing unbranched non-glandular and branched non-glandular trichomes. The study shows that although trichomes are not useful in delimiting Silene sections, they provide a set of reliable characters for separation of species within sections. The presence or absence of trichomes, and trichome types could be used as diagnostic character for identification of some species.
https://ijb.areeo.ac.ir/article_116731_17b51b37eeb4e14d9c63fbf5ea0d42a0.pdf
2018-06-22
28
45
10.22092/ijb.2018.116731
Electron microscopy
micromorphology
trichome
Caryophyllaceae
Silene
Iran
Mahshid
Sheibani
mahshid.sheibani@yahoo.com
1
Department of plant biology, school of biology, college of science, university of tehran, PO box 14155-6455 Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Atefeh
Pirani
apirani@um.ac.ir
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1436, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Bittrich, V. 1993: Caryophyllaceae. In. Kubitzki, J. (ed.), The families and genera of vascular plants 2: 206-236. –Berlin,
1
Chowdhuri, P.K. 1957: Studies in the genus Silene. Notes from Royal. Bot. Garden. Edinburgh22: 221-278.
2
Coode, M.J.E. and Cullen, J. 1967: Silene. In. Davis, P.H. (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands vol. 2:179-242. –Edinburgh.
3
Desfeux, C., and Lejeune, B. 1996: Systematics of Euromediterranean Silene (Caryophyllaceae): evidence from a phylogenetic analysis using ITS sequences. –C. R. Acad. Sci. III. 319 (4):351-358.
4
Gerlach, D. 1977: Botanische Mikrotechnik, vol 2: 311. –Stuttgart.
5
Greuter, W. 1995: Silene (Caryophyllaceae) in Greece: a subgeneric and sectional classification. –Taxon 44: 543-581.
6
Hoseini, E. and Assadi, M.2016: Introducing a new species, Silene ghahremaninejadii (Caryophyllaceae), from Iran. –Nova Biol. Reperta 3 (2): 131-135.
7
Hoseini, E., Ghahremaninejad, F., Assadi, M. and Nejati Edalatiyan, M. 2017: Seed micromorphology and its implication in subgeneric classificationof Silene (Caryophyllaceae, Sileneae). –Flora 228: 31-38 Keshavarzi, M. and Bozchaloyi, S.E. 2014: Chromosome numbers for some Stellaria L. (Caryophyllaceae) species and related taxa in Iran. –Iran. J. Bot. 20 (1): 36-40. McNeill, J. 1978: Silene alba and S. dioica in North America and the generic delimitation of Lychnis, Melandrium, and Silene (Caryphyllaceae). –Canad. J. Bot. 56: 297-308.
8
Melzheimer, V. 1988: Silene. In. Rechinger, K.H. (ed.), Flora Iranica 35: 353-437. –Graz.
9
Metcalfe, C.R. and Chalk, L. 1950: Anatomy of the Dicotyledons 1:147-152. –London.
10
Nejad Falatoury, A., Assadi, M. and Ghahremaninejad, F. 2015a: A new species of Gypsophila (Caryophylloideae, Caryophyllaceae) from Iran. –Phytotaxa 222 (4): 276-282.
11
Nejad Falatoury, A., Assadi, M. and Ghahremaninejad, F. 2015b: Taxonomic significance of indumentum in the genus Gypsophila L. (Caryophyllaceae). –Nova Biologica Reperta 2: 91-102.
12
Osman, A. K. 2012: Trichome micromorphology of Egyptian Ballota (Lamiaceae) with emphasis on its systematic implication. –Pak. J. Bot. 44 (1): 33-46.
13
Oxelman, B. and Lidén, M. 1995: Generic boundaries in the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae) as inferred from nuclear rDNA sequences. –Taxon 44: 525-542.
14
Oxelman, B., Lidén, M. and Berglund, D. 1997: Chloroplast rps16 intron phylogeny of the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae). –Plant Syst. Evol. 206: 393-410.
15
Oxelman, B., Liden, M. and Rabeler, R.K. and Popp, M. 2001: A revised generic classification of the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae). –Nord. J. Bot. 20: 743-748.
16
Popp, M. and Oxelman, B. 2004: Evolution of a RNA polymerase gene family in Silene (Caryophyllaceae) -incomplete concerted evolution and topological congruence among paralogues. –Syst. Biol. 53: 914-932.
17
Popp, M., Erixon, P., Eggens, F. and Oxelman, B. 2005: Origin and evolution of a circumpolar polyploidy species complex in Silene (Caryophyllaceae). –Syst. Bot. 30: 302-313.
18
Popp, M. and Oxelman, B. 2007: Origin and Evolution of North American Polyploid Silene (Caryophyllaceae). –Am. J. Bot. 94: 330-349.
19
Rautenberg, A., Sloan, D. B., Alden, V. and Oxelman, B. 2012: Phylogenetic relationshipsof Silene multinervia and Silene section Conoimorpha (Caryophyllaceae). –Syst. Bot. 37 (1): 226-237.
20
Sahreen, S., Khan, M. A., Khan, M.R. and Khan, R.A. 2010: Leaf epidermal anatomy of the genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae) from Pakistan. –Biol, Divers. Conserv. 3 (1): 93-102.
21
Salmaki, Y., Zarre, S., Jamzad, Z. and Bräuchler, C. 2009: Trichome micromorphology of Iranian Stachys (Lamiaceae) with emphasis on its systematic implication. –Flora 204: 371-381.
22
Zamfirache, M. M., Burzo, I., Olteanu I. G. Z., Ştefan, M., Badea, M. L., Padurariu, C., Gales, R.C., Adumitresei L., Lamban, C., Truţǎ E. and Stanescu, I. 2009: Glandular trichomes and essential oil constituents of Perovskia artiplicifolia Benth. –Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii ''Al. I. Cuza'' Secţiunea 2. A. Genetică şi Biologie Moleculară, 10: 73-80.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SEED MORPHOLOGY IMPROVES DATA FROM PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF MEDICAGOID TRIGONELLA, MEDICAGO AND MELILOTUS (FABACEAE) SPECIES
Phylogenetic relationship and seed morphological characters of 11 species belong to Medicagoid Trigonella, six non Medicagoid and one species of each genera of Medicago and Melilotus were estimated before based on ITS sequences by using Baysian inference and maximum parsimony. In this paper, scanning Electron Microscope and stereomicroscope for seed morphological characters were used. Seed morphology results indicated that majority of Medicagoid Trigonella species belong to Bucerates and Lunatae sections placed in two close subclusters and joined together as did by Baysian analysis results. Both studies confirmed that Medicago radiata is sister for these species. Our results confirm that using molecular and morphological characters data are reliable evidence in systematic discriminations of the taxa.
https://ijb.areeo.ac.ir/article_116735_9ac973b17a38d7488da6f7259d44cfff.pdf
2018-06-22
45
51
10.22092/ijb.2018.116735
Fabaceae
Medicagoid
seed morphology
Trigonella
Molecular Phylogeny
Sima
Khandani
sima_kh570570@yahoo.com
1
Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Assadi
assadi1950@yahoo.com
2
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P. O. Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Iraj
Mehregan
imehregan@srbiau.ac.ir
3
Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Taher
Nejatsatari
nejadsattari_h@yahoo.com
4
Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ramazanali
Khavarinejad
5
Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Bena, G. 2001: Molecular phylogeny supports the morphologically based taxonomic transfer of the “Medicagoid” Trigonella species to the genus Medicago L.-Plant Syst. Evol. 229: 217-236
1
Ceter, T., Pinar, M., Akan, H., Ekici, M. & Aytac, Z. 2012: Comparative seed morphology of Trigonella L. species (Leguminosae) in Turkey. -Afr. J. Agric. Res. 7 (3): 509-522.
2
Dangi, R., Tamhankar, S., Choudhary, R.K. & Rao, S. 2016: Molecular phylogenetics and systematics of Trigonella L. (Fabaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnL intron sequences.-Genetic. Resour. Crop. Evol. 63(1):79-96.
3
Downie, S.R., Katz-Downie, D.S., Rogers, E.J., Zvjewski, H. L. & Small, E. 1998: Multiple Independent losses of the plastid rPoC1 intron in Medicago (Fabaceae) as inferred from phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences. -Can. J. Bot. 76 (5): 791-803.
4
Gazara, M., Kamel, W., Haider, A. 2001: Cladistic analysis of the genera: Trifolium, Trigonella and Melilotus (Fabaceae; Papilionaceae). -Egypt. J. Biol. 3: 161-170.
5
Gunes, F. & Cirpici, A. 2011: Seed characteristics and testa textures some taxa of genus Lathyrus L. (Fabaceae) from Turkey. -Int. J. Agric. Biol. 13 (6): 1814-9596.
6
Gunes, F. 2013: Seed characteristics and textures of Pratensis, Orobon, Lathyrus, Orobastrum and Cicercula srctions from Lathyrus (Fabaceae) in Turkey. -Plant Syst. Evol. 299: 1935-1953.
7
Khandani, S., Assadi, M., Nejadsattari, T. & Mehregan I. 2016a: Phenetic analysis of genera Medicagoid Trigonella, Medicago and Melilotus (Fabaceae) on seed coat in Iran.-Biodiversitas vol 17, No. 1: 162-171.
8
Khandani S., Assadi M., Mehregan I. & Nejadsattari T. 2016 b: Phylogenetic analysis of Medicagoid Trigonella L. species based on ITS sequence data. Ambient Science. vol. 3: 35-39.
9
Lersten, NR., Gunn, CR. 1982: Testa characters in tribe Vicieae with notes about tribes Abreae, Cicereae, and Trifolieae (Fabaceae).-U. S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin. No. 1667: 1-40.
10
Mirzaei, L., Assadi, M., Nejadsatari, T. & Mehregan, I. 2015a: Seed surface morphology in some species of the Colutea L. (Fabaceae) in Iran. -Adv. Biores. 6 (5): 105-109.
11
Mirzaei, L., Assadi, M., Nejadsatari, T. & Mehregan, I. 2015b: Comparative seed and leaf micromorphology of Colutea species (Fabaceae) from Iran. -Environ. Exp. Biol. 13: 183-187.
12
Ozbek, F., Ozbek, MO. & Ekici, M. 2014: Morphological, anatomical, pollen and seed morphological properties of Melilotus bicolour Boiss & Balansa (Fabaeae) endemic to Turkey. -Aust. J. Crop. Sci. 8 (4): 543-549.
13
Pinar, MN., Duran, A., Ceter. T., Tug, N. 2009: Pollen and seed Morphology of the Genus Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) in Turkey. -Turk. J. Bot. 83-96.
14
Rechinger, K.H. 1984: Trigonella. -Flora Iranica 157: 207-253. Graz.
15
Salimpour, F., Safiedin, M., Sharifnia, F. 2013: Phylogenetic relationships between Trigonella species (Bucerates section) using ITS markers and morphological traits. -J. Bio. Env. Sci. 3 (12): 116-124.
16
Small, E., Brookes, B., Lassen, P. 1990: Circumscription of the genus Medicago (Leguminosae) by seed characters. -Can. J. Bot. 68: 613-629.
17
Small, E. 1987: Generic changes in Trifolieae subtribe Trigonellinae. -Advances in Legume. Vol. 3. -Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 169-181.
18
Steele, KP. & Wojciechowski, MF. 2003: Phylogenetic analyses of tribes Trifolieae and Vicieae, based on sequences of the plastid gene matk (Papilionoideae: Leguminosae). -Advances in Legume Systematics, part 10, Higher Level Systematics. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
19
Steele, KP., Ickert-Bond, M., Zarre, S., Wojciechowski, MF. 2010: Phylogeny and character evolution in Medicago (Leguminosae). Evidence from analyses of plastid trn/matk and nuclear GA30X1 sequences. Am. J. Bot. 97: 1142-1155.
20
Teixeira, de QR., Azevedo, de TAM., Lewis, GP. 2013: Seed morphology: an addition to the taxonomy of Tephrosia (Leguminoseae, Paplionoideae, Millettieae) from South America. Plant Syst. Evol. 299: 459-470
21
Tia, WK. 2004: Tribe Trifolieae: Evidence from seed characters. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 7 (7): 1287-1302.
22
Turki, Z., El-Shayeb, F., Abozeid, A. 2013: Seed morphology of some Trigonella L. species (Fabaceae) and its taxonomic significance. Int. J. Sci. Res. 2319-7064.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION OF THE SECRETORY SYSTEM OF SOME ENDEMIC AND MEDICINAL SPECIES OF APIACEAE FROM UZBEKISTAN
Middle Asia is one of the major centers of origin and diversity of the family Apiaceae. Secretory system and other anatomical peculiarities of many endemic Apiaceae are still poorly investigated. Comparative anatomical study of plant secretory structures has a great theoretical and practical importance in relation to taxonomy, ecology and pharmacology. The paper provides the results of structural investigation of the secretory system of five endemic and medicinal species of Apiaceae from Middle Asia (Sphaerosciadium denaense, Ferula foetida, F. varia, F. kyzylkumica, Dorema sabulosum). It was revealed that different representatives of the family Apiaceae growing in various habitats have a secretory system represented with terpenoid keeping schizogenous secretory ducts. Desert plants (F. foetida, F. varia, F. kyzylkumica, D. sabulosum) have larger secretory ducts producing more of terpenoids, than a mesophilous relic mountain species S. denaense. The most characteristic structural features of secretory system of S. denaense are small diameter of lumen, small epithelial cells, and the absence of ducts around the xylem of the medullary bundles in the stem and petioles. The structural features of secretory system are specific to each of the investigated plants. The topography and dimensions of secretory ducts are a diagnostic character applied in species identification.
https://ijb.areeo.ac.ir/article_116736_1b577d9dc44048f4a7ab949abfeaa150.pdf
2018-06-22
52
65
10.22092/ijb.2018.116736
Middle Asia
Apiaceae
Ferula
Dorema
Sphaerosciadium
Endemic
Medicinal plants
plant anatomy
Morphology
secretory system
Dilovar
Tolibdzhonovna Khamraeva
hamraeva.dilovar@mail.ru
1
Institute of Botany of Academy of Science of the Republic Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan,
LEAD_AUTHOR
Natalya
Yurevna Beshko
2
Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. Durmon-yuli str., 32, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan.
AUTHOR
Akida
Tillaevna Abdullaeva
3
Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. Durmon-yuli str., 32, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan.
AUTHOR
Vasila
Kuysinovna Sharipova
4
Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. Durmon-yuli str., 32, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
KARYOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SOME ALLIUM L. (AMARYLLIDACEAE) SPECIES IN IRAN
Four species belonging to two subgenera of Iranian Allium species were chromosomally and karyotypically assessed, using squash technique and feulgen stain. Ploidy level of A. longivaginatum, A. hooshidaryae and A. remediorum (2n = 2x = 16) are reported for the first time. Results indicated that A. rotundum is tetraploid (2n=4x= 32). Two chromosome types (‘‘m’’, ‘‘sm’’) formed different karyotypic formulas. Mean chromosome length varied from 7.8-13.56 µm. The results show that Allium longivaginatum has the most asymmetrical karyotype.
https://ijb.areeo.ac.ir/article_116737_01ec96731172ceb214c26d262a452ca1.pdf
2018-06-22
65
71
10.22092/ijb.2018.116737
Allium species
chromosome number
cytogenetic
Karyotype
Iran
Shahla
Hosseini
sh.hosseini@uok.ac.ir
1
Biological science Dept, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Akhavan, A., Saeidi, H., Zarre, S., & Rahiminejad, M., 2015: Chromosome Numbers and Karyotype Features of Selected Species of Allium L. (Amaryllidaceae) Sect. Acanthoprason in Iran. – Iran. J. Bot. 21: 158-164.
1
Arano, H., 1963: Cytological studies in Subfamily Carduoideae (Compositae) of Japan XVII. The Karyotype analysis in Cacalia and Syneilesis. – Bot. Mag. Tokyo. 77: 86-97.
2
Choi, H.J. & Cota-Sanchez, J.H., 2010: A taxonomic revision of Allium (Alliaceae) in the Canadian prairie provinces. – Botany. 88: 787-809.
3
Friesen, N., Fritsch, R. M. & Blattner, F. R. 2006: Phylogeny and new intrageneric classification of Allium (Alliaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. – Aliso. 22: 372-395.
4
Fritsch, R. & Abbasi, M. 2013: A taxonomic review of Allium subg. Melanocrommyum in Iran. Gatersleben: IPK.
5
Fritsch, R., and Astanova, S. 1998. Uniform karyotypes in different sections of Allium L. subgen. Melanocrommyum (WEBB & BERTH.) ROUY from Central Asia. – Feddes repertorium. 109: 539-549.
6
Fritsch, R.M. 2012: Illustrated key to the sections and subsections and brief general circumscription of Allium subg. Melanocrommyum. In:Phyton-Annales Rei Botanicae Ferdinand Berger Soehne Wiener Strasse 21-23, A-3580 Horn, Austria. pp. 1-37.
7
Fritsch, R.M., Blattner, F.R. & Gurushidze, M. 2010: New classification of Allium L. subg. Melanocrommyum (Webb & Berthel.) Rouy (Alliaceae) based on molecular and morphological characters. – Phyton. 49: 145-220.
8
Genç, İ., Özhatay, N. & Cevri, M. 2013: A karyomorphological study of the genus Allium (sect. Melanocrommyum) from Turkey. – Caryologia. 66: 31-40.
9
Gurushidze, M., Fritsch, R.M. & Blattner, F.R. 2010: Species-level phylogeny of Allium subgenus Melanocrommyum: Incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization and trnF gene duplication. – Taxon. 59: 829-840.
10
Hanelt, P. 1992: The genus Allium-taxonomic problems and genetic resources. In:proceedings of an international symposium held at Gatersleben. Edited by K. Hammer, and H. Knüpffer, Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung. Gatersleben, Germany.
11
Hosseini, S. & Go, R. 2010: Cytogenetic study of some Allium species (Subgenus Allium and Melanocrommyum) in Iran. – Cytologia. 75: 99-108.
12
Huziwara, Y. 1962: Karyotype analysis in some genera of Compositae. VIII. Further studies on the chromosomes of Aster. – Am. J. Bot. 49:116-119.
13
Jacobsen, T.D. & Ownbey., M. 1977: In IOPB chromosome number reports LVI. – Taxon. 26: 257-274.
14
Khassanov, F. 1998: Subinfrageneric grouping in genus Allium L. subgenus Allium. In:Plant life in south-west and central Asia: proceedings of the Vth International symposium. pp. 18-22.
15
Levan, A., Fredga, K. & Sandberg, A.A. 1964: Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. – Hereditas. 52: 201-220.
16
Mashayekhi, S., Zarre, S., Fritsch, R. & Attar, F. 2005: A new species of Allium subgen. Melanocrommyum sect. Compactoprason (Alliaceae) from Iran. – Feddes Repertorium. 116: 191-194.
17
Murin, A., Svobodova, Z., Majovsky, J. & Ferakova, V. 2000: Chromosome numbers of some species of the Slovak flora. – Thaiszia Kosice. 9: 31-40.
18
Özhatay, N., Üstün, L. & Mericli, A. 1993: Comparative Morphological, Karyological and Chemical Studies on Allium Scorodoprasum Complex in European Turkey. – J. Fac. Pharm. Istanbul. 29: 31-42.
19
Paszko, B. 2006: A critical review and a new proposal of karyotype asymmetry indices. – Plant Syst. Evol. 258: 39-48.
20
Peruzzi, L. & Eroglu, H. 2013: Karyotype asymmetry: again, how to measure and what to measure? – Comparative cytogenetics. 7(1): 1-9.
21
Pogosian, A.I. 1983: Chromosome numbers of some species of the Allium (Alliaceae) distributed in Armenia and Iran. – Bot. Zhurn. 68: 652–660.
22
Rejón, M.R. & Sañudo, A. 1976: Estudios cariológicos en especies espanolas del orden Liliales. I. Allium, Lapiedra, Narcissus. – Lagascalia. 6: 225-238.
23
Stebbins, G.L. 1971: Chromosomal evolution in higher plants. Edward Arnold Publisher, London.
24
Team, R.C. 2016: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for statistical computing, 2016; Vienna, Austria.
25
Watanabe, K., Yahara, T., Denda, T. & Kosuge, K. 1999: Chromosomal evolution in the genus Brachyscome (Asteraceae, Astereae): statistical tests regarding correlation between changes in karyotype and habit using phylogenetic information. – J. Plant Res. 112: 145-161.
26
WCSP. 2014: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew.
27
Wendelbo, P. 1971: Alliaceae. – Flora iranica (76).
28
Zarco, C.R. 1986: A new method for estimating karyotype asymmetry. – Taxon. 35: 526-530.
29
Zhou, S., He, X., Yu, Y. & Xu, J. 2007: Karyotype studies on twenty-one populations of eight species in Allium section Rhiziridium. – Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica. 45: 207-216.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
INTRA-SPECIFIC DIVERSITY IN HYPNEA SPECIES (RHODOPHYTA, GIGARTINALES)
The present study considers assessment of morphometry and genetic diversity of 24 populations of Hypnea. Statistical analyses indicated that characters such as algal branching in habit, size of alga and Position of tetrasporange sorus had the most important role in intera-specific variation. In both morphometry and genetic diversity analysis, grouping of the populations separated the studied species into four distinct clusters and groups but populations were spread in clusters. ََAnalysis revealed significant genetic difference among populations and some degree of genetic admixture and gene exchange among the studied populations.
https://ijb.areeo.ac.ir/article_116738_6b88ca9a3428201819585804920f31f6.pdf
2018-06-22
72
84
10.22092/ijb.2018.116738
Hypnea
Morphometry
Genetic diversity
habit
tetrasporange
populations
Fateme
Sargazi
fsargazi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hossein
Riahi
h.riahi@cc.sbu.ac.ir
2
Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Agardh, J.G. 1852: Species, genera and orders of algae. Vol. 2: 505-720. Lundae [Lund]: C.W.K. Gleerup Press. (In Latin)
1
Calinski, T. & Harabasz, J. 1974: A Dendrite Method for Cluster Analysis. Commun. Stat. Theory Methods 3: 1-27.
2
Earl, D.A. & von Holdt, B.M. 2012: Structure Harvester: a website and program for visualizing STRUCTURE output and implementing the Evanno method. Cons. Genet. Resour. 4: 359–361.
3
Evanno, G., Regnaut, S. & Goudet, J. 2005: Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. Molecular Ecol., 14: 2611–2620.
4
Falush, D., Stephens, M. & Pritchard, J. K. 2007: Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: dominant markers and null alleles. Molecular Ecol., 7: 574-578.
5
Pritchard, J.K., Stephens, M. & Donnelly, P. 2000: Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genet. 155: 945–959.
6
Freeland, J.R., Kirk, H. & Peterson, S.D. 2011: Molecular and Ecology. Wiley-Blackwell Press.
7
Freshwater, D.W., Fredericq, S., Butler, B.S., Hommersand, M.H. & Chase, M. W. 1994: A gene phylogeny of the red algae (Rhodophyta) based on plastid rbcL. -Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 91: 7281-7285.
8
Geraldino P.J.L., Riosmena-Rodriguez, R., Lio L.M. & Boo S.M. 2010: Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Hypnea (Rodophyta, Gigartinales), with a description of H. caespitosa sp. nov. -J. phycol. 46: 3336-345.
9
Geraldino, P.J.L., Yang E.C. & Boo S.M. 2006: Morphology and molecular phylogeny of H. flexicaulis (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Korea. - Algea, 21(4): 417-423.
10
Gharanjik, B.M. & RohaniGhadikolai, k. 2009: Atlas of sea algae from Persian Gulf and Oman sea coasts. -Fisheries research Press. (In Persian)
11
Guiry, M. D. & al. 2006: Algae Base version 4.1 World-wide Web electronic publication. National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org.
12
Lewmanomont, K. 1997: Species of Hypnea from Thailand In: Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds. -California Sea Grant College System Press.
13
Hamer, O., Harper, D.A.T & Ryan, P. D. 2012: PAST: Paleontological Statistics software package for education and data analysis. - Paleontol Electronica, 4: 9.
14
Holsinger, K.E. & Lewis, P.O. 2003: Hickory: a package for analysis of population genetic data v1·0. University of Connecticut. http://darwin.eeb.uconn.edu/hickory/hickory.html
15
John, D.M., & Al-Thani, R.F. 2014: Benthic marine algae of the Arabian Gulf: a critical review and analysis of distribution and diversity patterns. -Nova Hedwigia, 98 (3–4): 341–392.
16
Krizman, M., Baricevic, D. & Prosek, M. 2006: Fast quantitative determination of volatile constituents in fennel by headspacegas chromatography. - Anal. Chim. Acta., 557: 267–271.
17
Legendre, P. & Makarenkov, V. 2002: Reconstruction of biogeographic and evolutionary networks using reticulograms. -Sys. Biol., 51: 199–216.
18
Masuda, M., Yamagishi, Y., Chiang, Y.M., Lewmanomont, K. & Xia, B. 1997: Overview of Hypnea (Rhodophyta, Hypneaceae) In Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds, vol: 6127–133. - California Sea Grant College System Press.
19
Meirmans, P.G. & Van Tienderen, P. H. 2004: genotype and genodive: two programs for the analysis of genetic diversity of asexual organisms. -Mol. Ecol. Notes, 4: 792–794.
20
Mshigeni, K.E. & Chapman, D.J. 1994: Hypnea (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) In: Biology of economic Algae. -SPB Academic Press.
21
Peakall, R. & Smouse, P.E. 2006: GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. -Mol. Ecol. Notes, 6: 288–295.
22
Podani, j. 2000: Introduction to exploration multivariate biological data. -Backhuys Press.
23
Robba, L., Russell, S.J., Barker, G.L., Brodie,J. 2006: Assessing the use of the mitochondrial cox1 marker for use in DNA barcoding of red algae (Rhodophyta). - Am. J. Bot., 93: 1101-1108.
24
Rodrigues, N. 2011: Diversity of Genus Hypnea (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in the State of Sao Paulo-based on Molecular Markers and Morphology. -Master of Science thesis, Institute Biosciences of the University of ersidade Sao paulo.
25
Sargazi, F., Riahi, H. & Sheidai, M. 2016: Morphology, anatomy and morphological diversity of Hypnea genus in the Persian Gulf. -Plant Resear. J., 29: 522-531. In Persian.
26
Saunders, G.W. 2005: Applying DNA barcoding to red macroalgae: a preliminary appraisal holds promise for future applications. -Philos. Trans. R. Soc., 360: 1879-1888.
27
Schwarz, G. 1978: Estimating the Dimension of a Model. -Annual Statistics. 6: 461-464.
28
Weising, K., Nybom, H., Wolff, K. & Kahl, G. 2005: DNA Fingerprinting in Plants. Principles, Methods, and Applications. -Taylor and Francis Press.
29
Yang, E.C. & Boo, S.M. 2004: Evidence for two independent lineages of Griffithsia (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) based on plastid protein-coding psaA, and rbcL gene sequences. - Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. l31: 680-688.
30
Zietkiewicz, E., Rafalski, A. & Labuda,D. 1994: Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat (SSR) anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification.- Genetic, 20:176–183.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
COMPSOPOGON CAERULEUS, A NEW RECORD OF RHODOPHYTA FOR ALGAL FLORA OF IRAN
A freshwater red algae, Compsopogon caeruleus was collected from current water canal on south of Tehran, Iran for the first time. It lives as epiphyte on Cladophora sp. (green algae) in cold water canal at a temperature of 8-10°C and at high speed at a depth of 30-50 cm. Thallus was macroscopic filamentous, grey to greyish–green, in the growing season abundantly branched. Branches made an acute angle with the axis (about, 20-70°). Thallus is 180-1000 μm in diameter and 2-10 cm long. In mature thallus, cortex had 1–2 polygonal or irregular cell layers with short spine-like branchlets. Cortical cells were established in regular or irregular rows. Chloroplasts were parietal. Monosporangia were cortical and semi-spherical to irregular.
https://ijb.areeo.ac.ir/article_116739_132698eec6f8fed9d71b5ac933ec64ce.pdf
2018-06-22
84
90
10.22092/ijb.2018.116739
Compsopogon caeruleus
epiphyte
freshwater algae
monosporangia
polygonal
spine-like branchlets
Razieh
Taghavizad
ra_taghavizad@yahoo.com
1
Member of Department of Biology, Yadegar -e- Imam Khomeini (RAH) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR