MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY OF CYANOBACTERIA IN FOUR HOT SPRINGS OF IRAN

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of Biosciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Faculty of Basic Science, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Abstract

Hot springs have been a subject of intense discussion for biologists in the last decades. Thermophilic cyanobacteria are scientifically valuable for their analogy to the ancient life forms on earth and also as a source of thermostable biocompounds. Exploration of their biodiversity is an important step towards these goals. In a revision of the cyanobacteria in hot springs of Iran, four hot springs in the Hormozgan (Bandar Abbas) and Mazandaran provinces of Iran were sampled from October 2011 to July 2012. In total 43 species belonging to 20 genera, 11 families and 5 orders of the planktonic cyanobacteria were identified. Among these taxa Chroococcus with 7, Oscillatoria and Phormidium with5 species found to be more predominant and noticeable among other genera. All of these taxa are new records for studied hot springs. We developed a combined molecular and morphological approach to identification of cyanobacteria. In this study seventeen populations and 13 morphological characters were analyzed. Molecular study based on 16S rRNA gene sequence does not disrupt morphological information and it confirms the separation of studied taxa according to morphological characters.
 

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

مطالعه تنوع مورفولوژیکی و فیلوژنی سیانوباکتری های 4 چشمه آب گرم در ایران

Authors [Persian]

  • فاطمه حیدری 1
  • حسین ریاحی 1
  • مرتضی یوسف زادی 2
  • زینب شریعتمداری 1
1 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده علوم زیستی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
2 استادیار دانشکده علوم پایه دانشگاه هرمزگان
Abstract [Persian]

چشمه‌های آب گرم در سال‌های اخیر از سوی زیست‌شناسان بسیار مورد توجه واقع شده‌اند. سیانوباکتری‌های ترموفیل بدلیل شباهت با فرم‌های زندگی اجدادی در زمین و همچنین به عنوان منبعی از ترکیبات زیستی پایدار در برابر گرما، از ارزش علمی بالایی برخوردار هستند، و بررسی تنوع زیستی آنها گام مفیدی در جهت رسیدن به اهداف ذکر شده می‌باشد. در این تحقیق سیانوباکتری‌های موجود در 4 چشمه‌ی آب گرم در ایران مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. در این تحقیق 43 گونه متعلق به 20 جنس و 11 تیره شناسایی شد. علاوه بر مطالعه بر اساس خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، جهت شناسایی دقیق‌تر سیانوباکتری‌های شناسایی شده، مطالعات مولکولی بر اساس توالی ژنومی  16S rRNA انجام شد. نتایج بدست آمده در هر دو روش بکار برده شده هم راستا و تایید کننده بکدیگر بودند.

Keywords [Persian]

  • cyanobacteria
  • hot spring
  • morphological diversity
  • 16S rRNA
  • phylogeny
Anagnostidis, K. & Komarek, J. 1985: Modern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes, 1-Introduction. – Arch. Hydrobiol Suppl.  71/Algological Studies 38/39: 291-302.
Anagnostidis, K. & Komarek, J. 1988: Modern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes, 3-Oscillatoriales. – Arch. Hydrobiol. 80/Algological Studies 50-53: 327-472.
Anagnostidis, K. & Komarek, J. 1990: Modern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes, 5-Stigonematales. Algological Studies 59: 1-73.
Anagnostidis, K. 1989: Geitlerinema, a new genus of Oscillatorialean cyanophytes. -Pl. Syst. Evol. 164: 33-46.
Brock, T. D. 1978:  Thermophilic microorganisms and life at high temperatures. -Berlin, Springer Verlag.
Castenholz, R. W. 1996:  Endemism and biodiversity of thermophilic cyanobacteria. -Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft 112: 33–47.
Castenholz, R. W. 2001: Phylum BX. Bacteria- In:
Boone, D.R. & Castenholz, R.W. (eds): Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2 nd   Edition. – pp. 473-599. -Springer Verlag.
Clescerl, L.S., Greenberg, A. E. & & Eaton, A. D. 1995: Standard Methods for the Examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association. -Washington D.C., 1325 PP.
Desikachary, T. V. 1959: Cyanophyta. – 686 pp. -Indian Council of agricultural Research, New Delhi.
Elenkin, A. A. 1938: Monographia algarum cyanophycearum aquidulcium et terretrium in finibus URSS inventarum. – 1908 pp. -Sumptibus Academiae Scientiarum URSS, Leningrad.
Ferris, M., Ruff- Roberts, A., Kopczynski, E., Bateson, M. & Ward, D. 1996: Enrichment culture and microscopy ceneceal diverse thermophilic Synechococcus populations in a single hot spring microbial mat habitat. –Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 1045-1050.
Garcia- Pichel, F., Prufert- Bebout, L. & Muyzer, G. 1996: Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses show Microcoleus chtonoplastes to be a cosmopolitan cyanobacterium. -Appl. Environ. Microb. 62: 3284-3291.
Geitler, L. 1932: Cyanophyceae. – In: Rabenhorst, L. (ed): Kryptogamen – Flora. – 1196 pp. -Akademische Verlags- gesellschaft, Leipzing.
Giovannoni, S. J., Turner, S., Olsen, G. J., Barns, S., Lane, D. J. & Pace, N. R. 1988:  Evolutionary relationships among cyanobacteria and green chloroplasts. -Bacteriol. 170 ( 8): 3584-3592.
Hongmei, J., Aitchison, J. C.,  Lacap, D. C., Peerapornpisal, Y., Sompong, U. & Pointing, S. B. 2005: Community phylogenetic analysis of moderately thermophilic cyanobacterial mats from China, the Philippines and Thailand. -Extremophiles 9: 325–32.
Komarek, J. & Anagnostidis, K. 1989: Modern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes, 4-Nostocales. –Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 82/Algological Studies 56: 247-345.
Komarek, J. & Anagnostidis, K. 2005: Cyanoprokaryota.2 Teil: Oscillatoriales,- In: Budel B., Gardner G., Krienitz l. & Schagerl M. (eds): Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, vol. 19/2.- 759 pp. -Elsevier Munchen.
Komarek, J. 1994: Current trends and species delimitation in the cyanoprokaryote taxonomy. –Algological Studies 75: 11-29.
Komarek, J. 2003: Problem of the taxonomic category “species” in cyanobacteria. -Algological Studies 109: 281-297.
Komarek, J. 2011: Introduction to the 18 th  IAC Symposium in Ceske Budejovice 2010 czech Republic. Some current problems of modern cyanobacterial taxonomy. –Fottea 11: 1-7.
Komarek, J. & Anagnostidis, K. 1998: Cyanoprokaryota. 1. Teil: Chroococcales. – In: Ettl, H.; Gardner, G.; Heying, H. & Mollenhauer, D (eds.): Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, vol. 19/1. – 548 pp. -Gustav Fischer, Jena- Stuttgart- Lubeck- Ulm.
Kondrateva, N. V. 1968: Sin o zeleni vodorostli – Cyanophyta [blue-green algae- Cyanophyta]. – 522 pp. -Vid, naukova dumka,, Kiev, UkrRSR.
Marteinsson, V. T., Hauksdottir, S., Hoble, C. F. V., Kristamannsdottri, H.,  Hreggvidsson, G. O. & Kristiansson, J. K. 2001: Phylogenetic diversity analysisof subterranean hot springs in iceland. -Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 4242–8.
Masoudi, M., Ramezannejad Ghadi, R. & Riahi, H. 2011: Phytoplankton Flora of Miankaleh Wetland. -Iran. J. Bot. 18 (1): 141-148.
Norris, T. B.,   Mcdermott, T. R. & Castenholz, R. W. 2002: The long-term effects of UV exclusion on the microbial composition and photosysthetic competence of cyanobacteria in hot spring microbial mats. -FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 1323: 1–17.
Nubel, U., Garcia-Pichel, F., Muyzer, G.  1997: PCR primers to amplify 16S rRNA genes from cyanobacteria.  -Appl. Environ. Microbiol.  63:  3327-32.
Papke, R. T., Ramsing, N. B., Bateson, M. M. & Ward, D. M. 2003: Geographical isolation in hot spring cyanobacteria. -Environ. Microbiol. 5: 650–9.
Prescott, G. W. 1970:  Algae of the western great lake area. -WM. C. Brown company publishers. 977pp.
Rippka, R.,  Deruelles, J., Waterbury, J. B., Herdman, & Stanier, R. Y. 1979: Generic assignments, strain histories and properties of pure cultures of Cyanobacteria. – J. Gen. Microbiol. 111: 1-61.
Skimisdottir, S.,  Hreggvidsson, G. O.,  Hiorleifsdottir, S., Marteinsson, V. T., Petursdottir, S. K., Holst, O. & Kristjansson, J. K. 2000: Influence of sulfide and temperature on species composition and community structure of hot spring microbial mats. -Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 2835-2841.
Sompong, U., Hawkins, P., Besley, C., Peerapompisal, Y. 2005: The distribution of cyanobacteria across Physical and chemical gradients in hot spring in northern Thailand. -FEMS Microbiology Ecology 52: 365-376.
Sompong, U., Anuntalabhochai, S., Cutler, R. W., Castenholz, R. W. & Peerapornpisal, Y. 2008: Morphological and Phylogenic diversity of cyanobacterial populations in six hot springs of Thailand. -Science Asia 34: 153-162.
Stanier,  R. Y.,  Kunisawa, R., Mandel, M. & Cohen- Bazire, G. 1971: Purification and properties of unicellular blue- green algae (order Chroococcales). -Bact. Rev., 35: 171-205.
Stanier, , R. Y., Sistrom, W. R., Hansen, T. A., Whitton, B. A., Castenholz, R. W., Pfennig, N.,  Gorlenko, V. N., Kondrateva, E. N., Eimhjellen, K. E., Whittenbury, R., Gehran, R. L. & Truper, H. G. 1978: Proposal to place the nomenclature of the cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) under the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. –Int. j. Syse. Bacteriol. 28: 335-336.
Starmach, K. 1966: Cyanophyta- sinice.- 753pp. -PAN, Panstw. Wyd. Nauk., Warszawa.
Ward, D. M., Castenholz, R. W. 2000: Cyano-3. bacteria in geothermal habitats in Ecology of  cyanobacteria. Their diversity in time and space (Whitton B.A. & Potts M., eds.), pp 37–59. -Dordrecht, Kluwer  Academic Publishers.
Williame, R., Boutte, C. H., Grubisic, S., Wilmotte, A., Komarek, J. & Hoffmann, L. 2006: Morphological and molecular characterization of planktonic cyanobacteria from Belgium and Luxembourg. –Appl. Phycol. 42 : 1312-1332.
Willmotte, A. & Golubic, S. 1991: Morphological and genetic criteria in the taxonomy of cyanophyta / cyanobacteria. -Arch. Hydrobiol. Algol. Stud. 92: 1–24.
Yim, A. C., Hongmei, J., Aitchison, J. C. & Pointing, S. B. 2006: Highly diverse community structure in a remote central Tibetan geothermal spring does not display monotonic variation to thermal stress. -FEMS. Microbiol. Ecol. 57: 80–91.